THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 

GIFT  OF 

WIL1.L4M  P.    WREDEN 


i 

i 


WHAT   WORDS  SAY 


A  PRACTICAL  ANALYSIS  OF  WORDS 


For  Use  in  Elementary  Schools. 


By  JOHN  KENNEDY, 


Conductor  of  Teachers'   Institutes;  Author  of  "The  School  and 

THE  Family." 


PART  1. 


NEW  YORK  •:•  CINCINNATI  •:•  CHICAGO 

AMERICAN      BOOK      COMPANY 


Copyright,  iB'iS, 
By  KENNEDY  &  CO 

\V.  p.   10 


1^3  bur 

/S'      ' 

PREFACE. 


To  the  classical  scholar  words  mean  something.  They 
mean  what  they  say.  They  speak  to  him  through  their  syl- 
lables. He  sees  that  a  syllable  is  virtually  a  simple  primary 
word,  that  it  does  the  work  of  a  word,  and  that  long  poly- 
syllabic or  many  syllabled  words  become  polysyllabic  sim- 
ply by  reason  of  an  attempt  to  say  something.  To  him  the 
polysyllabic  words  of  science,  literature,  and  art  resolve 
themselves  back  into  simple  descriptive  phrases,  used  either 
to  express  some  fact  or  idea  with  luminous  literal  exactness, 
or  to  present  it  under  the  guise  of  a  beautiful  and  instructive 
metaphor.  Words  thus  reveal  to  him  their  exact  and  com- 
plete sense  or  content.  And  they  gratify  his  intelligence  by 
showing  on  their  face  that  they  are  not  arbitrarily  employed, 
that  on  the  contrary  they  are  used  for  reasons  that  are  suffi- 
cient, and  entrancingly  beautiful.  He  gets  the  what  and 
why  of  words.  There  is  no  more  to  get.  Language  is  the 
storehouse  of  accumulated  knowledge;  he  now  has  the  key, 
and  may  enter  and  help  himself  at  will.  But  language  is 
also  the  companion,  the  assistant,  in  fact  the  necessary  con- 
dition of  continuous  thought;  and  in  this  aspect  it  is  now  at 
his  service.  Language  is  his  instrument.  He  recognizes  in 
this  fine  vantage  ground,  and  this  marvellous  power,  a  rich 
equivalent  for  his  six  years  of  secondary  study.  Nor  is  he 
deceived.  It  is  a  great  privilege  to  go  to  college.  The  above 
is  but  an  item  in  the  list  of  benefits  resulting  from  a  thorough 
^ollege  course.  The  college  gives  a'  breadth  of  culture  and  a 
smany-sidedness  not  obtainable  outside  its  walls.  But  it  is  a 
mistake  to  suppose  that  he  needed  his  six  years  of  classical 

641606 


IV  PREFACE. 

reading  in  order  to  know  what  ivords  say.  He  could  have 
learned  that  directly  by  a  proper  study  of  the  English  vo- 
cabulary. It  was  not  only  a  mistake  to  suppose  that  he  must 
wait  the  six  years  for  this  knowledge,  but  it  was  also  a  mis- 
take to  wait.  He  should  have  had  this  knowledge  before  he 
began  his  course  of  classical  reading.  It  would  have  helped 
him  in  laying  the  groundwork  of  his  culture,  in  inspiring  him 
with  an  interest  in  study,  and  in  making  the  study  of  classi- 
cal languages  less  of  a  drudgery.  It  would  have  left  him  less 
inclined  to  leave  his  classical  authors  half  read.  The  boy 
who  goes  to  college  needs  the  practical  analysis  of  words  be- 
fore he  begins  his  classical  reading.  But  the  nine  hundred 
and  ninety-nine  other  boys  and  girls  who  never  can  go  to 
college  have  no  other  resource  than  practical  analysis;  and  it 
is  fortunate  for  that  larger  class  that  there  is  a  way  of  getting 
at  the  exact  signification  of  words  without  a  knowledge  of 
Latin  and  Greek. 

Primary  education  is  vitiated  by  the  use  of  unanalyzed 
terms.  Every  term  is  used  arbitrarily  and  becomes  a  special 
strain  on  the  memory,  like  trying  to  learn  the  names  of  all 
the  inhabitants  of  a  town.  Such  a  task  is  not  legitimate 
mental  exercise  or  discipline;  it  is  sheer  abuse  of  memory. 
But  when  terms  are  forced  into  the  memory  by  such  an  un- 
healthy process,  in  nine  cases  out  of  ten  they  mean  nothing; 
they  are  but  burdensome  rubbish,  like  a  forced  meal  of  shells 
and  husks.  Some  teachers  justify  the  forcing  of  verbal 
memory  by  the  faith  that  although  the  children  do  not  un- 
derstand anything  that  they  are  repeating  in  school  yet  some 
day  the  meaning  will  come  to  them.  The  uncrushed  nut 
has  been  forced  into  the  stomach;  and  some  day  its  hard 
walls  may  dissolve  and  allow  the  nutritious  kernel  to  be 
digested  and  assimilated.  This  may  be  possible;  but  it  is 
rather  severe  on  the  stomach,  and  very  unpleasant  to  the  in- 
dividual subjected  to  the  process.  He  is  too  likely  to  con- 
clude that  he  was  not  born  brilliant,  and  that  his  forte  is  not 


PREFACE.  V 

education.  Thus  education  fails  with  the  majority,  owing  to 
a  vicious  method.  Some  few  have  such  an  invincible  deter- 
mination and  such  an  appreciation  of  the  value  of  knowledge 
that  they  fight  their  way  to  the  latter  in  spite  of  method. 
The  method  gets  the  credit  of  their  success  and  through 
them  renews  its  claim  to  existence.  But  those  who  have 
forced  their  way  to  knowledge  through  an  unnatural  method 
never  have  the  nicest  discrimination  in  the  use  of  terms,  and 
never  have  the  pleasure  of  appreciating  their  appropriateness. 
A  vicious  method  gives  only  an  imperfect  education,  if  it 
gives  any  at  all. 

Practical  analysis  is  available  to  all;  it  is  needful  to  all. 
It  makes  education  possible  to  every  healthy  mind;  and  not 
only  possible,  but  probable.  It  ensures  success  to  the  great 
attempt  of  the  age  to  diffuse  knowledge  abroad  and  enlighten 
the  minds  of  the  masses. 

The  foundation  principle  of  analysis  is  that  syllables  are 
usually  significant.  The  truth  of  this  may  be  verified  by 
very  slight  observation.  It  may  be  also  readily  observed  that 
a  significant  syllable  carries  its  value  into  all  combinations, 
expressing  either  its  naked  literal  sense  or  some  beautiful 
related  metaphor.  Touch  a  composite  word,  and  you  touch 
nothing;  touch  its  syllables,  and  you  cause  the  word  at  once 
to  illuminate  the  mind  and  charm  the  sensibilities.  The 
touch  of  analysis  results  at  once  in  knowledge  and  ap- 
preciation. 

This  work  is  prepared  in  the  faith  that  words  have  a 
message  to  every  mind,  and  in  the  conviction  that  it  is  a 
duty  to  attend  to  ivhat  they  say. 

The  plan  of  the  book  is  simple.  It  contams  a  series  of 
lessons  observing  an  alphabetical  order  of  succession.  Each 
lesson  consists  in  the  analysis  of  a  group  of  words  con- 
taining a  constant  significant  syllable,  or  its  equivalent  (for 
sometimes  the  ultimate  element  contains  two  or  more  syl- 
lables).    This  syllable    is  placed   at  the  head  of    the    lesson 


VI  PREFACE. 

with  its  signification  as  the  key  to  the  group.  The  value 
of  each  new  syllable  in  successive  recombinations  is  given; 
and  thus  all  the  words  of  the  group  are  analyzed. 

The  accompanying  notes  are  designed  to  show  that  the  use 
of  a  word  ever  conforms  to  its  analysis,  and  that  the  analysis 
is  never  misleading.  If  the  use  is  figurative  a  study  of 
the  metaphor  will  show  that  it  is  ever  an  appropriate,  and 
invariably  a  happy  one.* 

After  the  analysis  and  exact  sense  of  a  word  have  been 
mastered  the  teacher  is  advised  to  require  the  use  of  the 
word  in  a  few  original  sentences.  This  application  will 
tend  to  fix  the  whole  matter  more  fully  in  the  mind;  and 
it  will  tend  to  bring  out  the  different,  but  always  consist- 
ent, shades  of  use. 

Many  of  the  significant  syllables  are  the  stems  of  Latin 
and  Greek  words.  In  time  that  fact  will  become  apparent 
to  many.  It  is  to  be  hoped  that  it  may  become  appaxent 
to  all.  But  during  the  stage  of  practical  analysis  the  value 
of  a  syllable  or  stem  is  the  ultimate  fact.  Anything 
farther  would  be  premature  and  disturbing.  Latin  and 
Greek  words  are  therefore  omitted  from  the  text.  The 
exercise  is  made  strictly  an  English  exercise;  since  it  is 
to  be  undertaken  by  those  who  are  yet  on  the  English  side 
of  the  E?iglish  language.  In  order  to  know  what  words 
mean,  and  why  certain  terms  are  employed  chey  are  asked 
simply  to  give  attention  to  7vhat  words  say. 

*  For  example,  a  group  is  based  on  the  syllable  graph.  At  the  head 
of  the  lesson  this  syllable  is  given  with  its  value;  as,  Graph=  Write.  Un- 
der it  are  given  in  alphabetical  order  all  the  words  containing  ^ra/J^/  and 
those  words  are  analyzed  so  as  to  bring  out  the  value  of  their  other  sylla- 
bles, and  consequently  their  full  signification.  In  the  word  (Mxography, 
for  example,  the  syllable  chir  means  hand;  the  value  of  thej  is  ing;  and 
the  whole  word  means  what  its  syllables  say,  viz:  hand-writ-zng.  In  like 
manner  the  other  graph  words  are  caused  to  say  what  they  have  to  say, 
and  consequently  to  explain  themselves. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  TEACHERS. 


1.  The  teacher  will  need  to  exercise  judgment  in  assign- 
ing the  number  of  words  to  be  treated  at  a  lesson.  The  num- 
ber will  necessarily  vary  with  the  average  age  and  advance- 
ment of  the  class. 

2.  Require  an  oral  analysis  of  each  word:  that  is,  require 
a  pronunciation  of  each  significant  syllable  or  division,  and  a 
statement  of  its  value. 

3.  Require  the  use  of  each  word  in  one  or  more  original 
sentences.  Cause  the  same  sentences  to  be  expressed  in 
writing  This  use  of  the  word  will  prove  that  its  meaning 
has  been  mastered  and  connected  with  the  analysis.  It  will 
also  tend  to  bring  out  the  different  shades  of  use,  and  lead  to 
a  complete  mastery  of  the  word.*  It  will  moreover  tend  to 
better  power  in  spelling;  for  one's  spelling  becomes  more 
reliable  when  associated  with  the  analysis  of  the  word. 

4.  Require  the  writing  of  a  paragraph  or  short  composition 
making  use  of  two  or  more  words  in  the  lesson  list.f 

*  In  the  notes  accompanying  the  words  in  the  text,  a  use  of  the  more  difficult  words 
is  presented  in  order  to  help  connect  the  uses  of  words  with  their  analysis.  The  scope  of 
the  work  does  not  allow  space  for  bringing  out  the  different  shades  of  use.  This  must  be 
left  as  a  mental  exercise  for  the  teacher  and  pupils.  For  special  help  in  regard  to  the  dif- 
ferent shades  of  use,  they  are  referred  to  the  Young  People's  Analytical  Dictionary,  now 
in  preparation. 

t  Suggestions  3  and  4  make  analysis  the  basis  of  education  in  spelling  and  composi- 
tion. And  this  is  eminently  proper,  for  it  reduces  spelling  to  a  simple  system,  rather  than 
an  arbitrary,  endless  and  uncertain  task;  and  the  analyzed  words  supply  abundant  material 
in  the  way  of  knowledge,  and,  consequently,  of  thought  to  be  expressed. 


8  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

5.  In  lower  grades  be  careful  to  use  only  such  words  in  the 
list  as  are  within  the  comprehension  of  the  grade.*  The 
words  passed  over  may  be  taken  up  in  the  higher  grades 
when  the  book  is  reviewed. 

6.  For  convenience  of  reference  the  groups  of  words  are 
arranged  alphabetically,  according  to  the  common  significant 
syllable  or  other  element  on  which  the  group  is  based.  The 
word  required  must  be  sought  in  ofie  of  the  several  groups,  con- 
taining one  or  other  of  its  several  significant  syllables  or 
divisions.  On  account  of  the  limitations  of  this  book,  many 
words  will  not  be  found  in  it  at  all;  and  for  such  words  it  will 
be  necessary  to  refer  to  the  Young  People's  Analytical  Dic- 
tionary of  this  series. 

7.  The  arrangement  for  reference  may  not  always  corre- 
spond with  the  order  of  progressive  gradation.  The  teacher 
should  therefore  use  first  the  easier  lessons  wherever  found. 


*  Some  words  to  be  passed  over  temporarily  are  placed  in  brackets.  But  the  teacher  will 
still  need  to  exercise  judgment  as  to  whether  other  words  may  not  properly  be  passed  over, 
or  whether  some  of  the  bracketed  words  may  not  be  used. 


SIX  MOVEMENTS. 

The  order  of  study  of  composite  words  may  be  summarized 
under  the  following  formula: 

1.  Indicate  structure  (by  pronouncing  the  several  significant 
elements.) 

2.  Designate  the  elements,  Sl^  prefix,  stem,  and  suffix. 

3.  Render  (or  give  the  value  of)  the  several  elements. 

4.  Pronounce  and  define  the  word. 

5.  Apply  the  word  in  a  sentence. 

6.  Combine  different  sentences  so  as  to  express  connected 
thought. 

BRIEF    FORMULA. 

1.  Indicate. 

2.  Designate. 

3.  Render. 

4.  Pronounce  and  define. 


5 


Apply  I  O-"^ 

(  In 


Writing. 
6.  Combine. 


DEFINITIONS  AND  PRINCIPLES.* 

1.  The  significant  elements  in  words  are  principal  and 
subordinate. 

2.  K  principal  clement  expresses  the  central  idea  of  the  com- 
bination and  is  the  basis  of  the  structure;  as,  tract  in  tractable. 

3.  A  subordinate  element  is  used  to  express  some  modifica- 
tion of  the  central  idea;  as,  able  in  tractable. 

4.  A  principal  element  is  called  a  stem,  since  it  is  that  to 
which  the  subordinate  elements  are  attached;  as,  ced  in  ante- 
cedewt. 

5.  The  subordinate  elements  are  called  affixes  {ad\.  .to. . . . 
fix.  .fastened),  as  they  are  fastened,  or  attached,  to  the  stem; 
as,  ante  and  ent  in  antecedent. 

6.  An  affix  occurring  at  the  beginning  of  a  word  is  called  a 
prefix  {pre.  .before. .  .  .fix.   fastened);  as,  ///complete,  ^:rpel. 

7.  An  affix  occurring  at  the  end  of  a  word  is  called  a  suffix 
(siib .  .under,  after. . .  .fix.  .fastened);  as,  fraction,  dormant. 

*  These  definitions  contemplate  only  non-word  elements.  In  ordinary  derivative  and 
compound  words  the  principal  element  is  itself  a  word  ;  and  in  ordinary  compound  words 
the  modifying  element  is  likewise  a  word.  These  principles  are  designed  only  for  refer- 
ence or  as  the  basis  of  oral  instruction. 

i  A^  is  the  regular  form  of  this  prefix,  but  in  the  word  under  consideration  (^yfix)  it  is 
changed  to  ay  for  the  sake  of  euphony  (eu.  good,  well. ..  y/ion.  sound)  or  agrfeabU 
sound. 


EXPLANATIONS. 

1.  Where  an  element  has  been  contracted,  corrupted,  or  in 
any  way  varied,  the  regular  form  is  restored  in  the  analysis.* 

2.  An  element  has  its  absolute  or  first  value — the  value 
which  it  possesses  when  standing  alone.  But  in  combination 
it  is  often  used  in  a  secondary  or  derived  sense.  In  such 
cases  the  first  and  second  senses  are  placed  together  in  the 
analysis  to  suggest  the  mental  process  of  transition. 

3.  The  value  of  the  suffix  is  often  very  general  and  elastic. 
In  such  a  case  it  is  very  indefinite,  and  becomes  definite  only 
in  combination.  Therefore  in  this  work  the  value  of  the  sufiix 
is  frequently  put  into  a  parenthesis  to  indicate  that  the  value 
given  is  restricted  to  this  particular  combination. 

4.  Occasionally  a  word  in  a  list  maybe  beyond  the  compre- 
hension of  the  younger  grades.  Such  a  word  is  placed  within 
brackets  at  the  bottom  of  the  list  to  indicate  that  it  is  to  be 
taken  up  only  in  the  higher  grades. 

*  For  example,  in  the  lesson  under  "'W^^from,  away,"  in  the  analysis  of  the  word 
abound,  the  element  und,  which  has  been  changed  in  the  word  to  ound,  is  given  in  paren- 
thesis. In  many  of  the  following  lessons,  however,  only  one  form  of  such  element 
is  set  forth  in  the  analysis;  and  this  is  the  rule  throughout  the  book,  except  where  clearness 
requires  that  both  forms  should  be  given.  In  the  captions  heading  lessons  where  an  ir- 
regular form  occurs  it  is  also  followed  by  the  regular  form  in  parenthesis ;  as  in  the  first 
lesson,  A  (an)i=without,  not.    This  means  that  the  regular  form  of  the  prefix  treated  is  an. 


WORD  BUILDING. 

A  composite  word  is  one  that  may  be  resolved  [analyzed^ 
into  significant  elements  expressing  distinct  and  separate  ideas. 

Each  composite  word  is  a  definite  structure  (or  building). 

The  structure  of  a  composite  word  consists  of  a  foundation 
part  called  the  base^  and  subordinate  modifying  elements  built 
upon  this  base. 

In  ordinary  derivative  and  compound  words  the  base  is  a 
simpler  word;  as,  in  recall,  incomplete,  railroad. 

In  ordinary  compound  words  the  subordinate  modifying 
element  is  a  word;  as,  in  railroad,  tea-pot. 

In  ordinary  derivatives  the  subordinate  elements  are  pre- 
fixes or  suffixes;  as,  in  recall,  justly. 

A  stem  derivative  has  a  prefix  or  suffix  built  upon  a  ston  base; 
as,  in  ^yitract,  victor. 

A  stem  compound  has  a  stem  base  and  stem  modifier;  as,  in 
lithograph. 

A  word  may  have  several  structures  in  which  one  structure 
becomes  the  base  of  another.  The  derivative  incompletely,  for 
example,  resolves  into  the  derivative  base  incomplete  and  suffix 
ly.  Incomplete  contains  the  stem  derivative  complete  and  pre- 
fix /;/.  Complete  contains  the  stem  plet  (filled)  and  prefix  con 
(together).  In  analysis,  therefore,  the  order  of  the  several 
structures  must  be  observed. 


WHAT  WORDS  SAY. 


A  (ail)= without,  not. 
A  byss a . .  without byss . .  bottom.^ 

Adamant  j.    _„     ^ot.  . .. da mant .. conquerahle." 
Diamond  ) 

ylmaranth a. . not niarant . . fading.*^ 

^tom a.  .without   .  .  .toin  .  .cutting,  division.'' 

Atheist ist.  .one  who.  .  .  .a.  .without.  .  .  .the .  .God.*^ 

Asylum ii7ti . .  (place) . . .  .a. .  without . .  .  .syl.  ■  seize.* 

[.4methyst]. .  .a.  .not. . .  .methyst.  .intoxicated.^ 

[Asbestos] OS  . . that    wliich    (is) ti. . not  .... sbest .  • 

quenchable.*^ 

[^zoic] a.  .  without ....  ,t;o ..  life ....  AC . .  being.' 

[^zote] a  .   without . .  .  .zo.  ■  life.-" 

^  An  abyss'  is  a  yawning  chasm  (as  if  ivithout  bottoni). 

^  Ad'amant  is  a  very  hard  (and  therefore  7iot  easily  conquer- 
able) substance.  The  word  diamond  is  but  a  corruption  of 
adamant,  and  is  applied  to  the  most  valuable  of  all  precious 
stones  and  the  hardest  known  substance. 

His  heart  if  it  be  not  adamant  must  soften;  if  it  be  not  ice  it  must  melt. — 
Dr.  Nott. 

When  each  gun 
From  its  adaman'tine  lips 
Spread  a  death-shade  round  the  ships, 
Like  the  hurricane  eclipse 
Of  the  sun.  —  Campbell. 

'^  The  ain'aranth  is  a  flower  that  does  not  easily  fade. 
''  Any  material  may  be  divided  into  at'oms;  but  the  atotnsaxe 
those  extremely  small  parts  that  cannot  be  further  divided. 
^  An  atheist  is  one  who  is  luithout  belief  in  the  existence  of  God. 

The  atheist's  laugh's  a  poor  exchange 
For  Deity  offended. — Bums. 


24  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.. 

*■  An  asy'lum  is  a  place  of  retreat  for  the  distressed.  Also  a 
place  where  one  is  free  from  pursuit  or  arrest  (can;/^/  be  seized).^ 

s  The  am'ethyst  is  a  precious  stone  of  a  bluish  purple  color 
which  was  formerly  supposed  to  have  the  virtue  of  curing 
drunkenness  (leaving  the  individual  who  wore  it  not  intoxicated) 

And  through  the  gaps  of  leaning  trees 

Its  mountain  cradle  shows. 
The  gold  against  the  amethyst. 

The  green  against  the  rose. —  Whitlier. 

^  Asbestos  is  an  incombustible  (and  therefore  not  quenchable) 
substance. 

'  The  azoic  age  was  the  age  without  animal  life  on  the  earth. 

J  Nitrogen  is  called  azote'  because  it  will  fiot  sustain  ani- 
mal life. 

^&  =  from,  away. 

A  ftbreviate brev  ■ .  short ate . .  en ab .  ■  away. 

^fedicate dicat. .  declare   . . .  ab  ■  ■  away.* 

A ftduct duct . . lead,  take . . .  .ab. . away.*^ 

Abject .Ject . .  cast ....  ab  ■  •  away.  '^ 

Abjure .Jur  .swear. . . .  ab ■  .away.'* 

^ftlution hft.  .wash ioil  ■  -ing. . .  .ab-  .away.'' 

.^ftorigines es. .  those ab ■  ■  from . .  .    ovUfill ■  ■  begin- 
ning.^ 

^6ound ound  (und) . . wave . .  .  .ab   . away.^ 

Abrade rad . .  scrape ab . .  away." 

*  In  this  sense  every  nation  is  an  asylum  to  persons  fleeing  from  another  country  to 
escape  arrest.  The  pursuinff  officers  cannot  cross  the  border:  there  the  tleemg  one  finds  a 
temporary  or  permanent  asylum. 

Formerly  the  churches  and  temples  were  asylums  for  fugitives.  It  was  unlawful  for 
force  of  any  kind  to  enter  the  sanctuary.  A  noted  case  of  this  kind  was  that  of  Pausanias 
the  Spartan.  He  had  gained  renown  by  the  overthrow  of  the  Persians  at  Plataea.  But  he  was 
afterwards  detected  m  an  attempt  to  betray  the  country  he  had  saved.  He  was  pursued 
like  a  common  criminal,  and  in  his  distress  fled  into  a  temple.  The  people  respected  the 
sanctuary  and  stood  for  a  moment  perplexed.  But  the  aged  mother  of  the  culprit  pointed 
out  the  way  she  brought  a  stone  and  laid  it  on  the  threshold.  Instantly  other  stones  were 
brought,  the  entrance  was  walled  up,  and  the  traitor  left  to  starve  to  death  withm. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  15 

^&rupt nipt,  .broken ah.  .away.' 

^ftsolute solut . .  loosened ....  ah .  ■  f rom.J 

^&solve solv.  . loosen . . .  .ah. . from.'' 

^ftsorb sorh . .  suck,  drink ....  ah . .  from.' 

Ahnse. ah . .  away  from ....  use."^ 


m 


^  To  ab'dicate  a  throne  is  to  give  it  up  (or  publicly  declare  it 
away^i^ 

'^  To  abduct'  a  person  is  to  /ead  him  away  secretly  or  by 
force. 

*^  An  ab'ject  person  is  one  of  vile  condition  (as  if  a  castaway). 

^  When  an  alien,  or  foreigner,  becomes  a  citizen  of  a  coun- 
try by  naturalization  he  must  abjure'  {swear  aivay)  his  former 
allegiance,  or  citizenship. 

^  An  ablu'tion  is  a  washing  away  of  the  dirt  from  the  person. 

^  The  aborig'ines  of  a  country  are  those  who  have  inhabited  it 
from  the  beginning. 

s  An  article  abounds'  when  it  exists  in  great  quantities  (as  if 
overflowing,  or  flowing  away  in  a  great  7uave). 

^  To  abrade'  the  skin  or  the  bark  of  a  tree  is  to  tear,  or  scrape, 
away  a  portion  of  it. 

'  An  abrupt'  turn  or  bend  is  a  sharp  one  (as  if  breaking  away 
suddenly  from  the  direct  course). 

J  An  ab' solute  monarch  is  free  {loosened)  from  all  restraint. 
His  will  alone  is  law. 

'^  We  are  absolved'  from  an  offence  {loosened  or  freed  fro7n  its 

penalty)  when  it  is  forgiven  us. 

And  men  absolved 
By  mercy  from  the  consequence,  forget 
The  evil  deed;  and  God  imputes  it  x\oX.—Pollok 


* 


The  Roman  emperor.  Diocletian,  abdicated  his  empire  in  the  height  of  his  power,  and 
retired  to  the  light  employment  of  gardening.  The  Emperor  Charles  V  of  Austria,  the 
grandson  of  Ferdinand  and  Isabella,  abdicated  the  grandest  dominion  of  modern  times  and 
ended  his  days  in  the  seclusion  of  a  monastery.  The  Roman  dictator,  Sylla,  dared  to  ab- 
dicate the  sway  which  he  had  seized,  and  to  live  at  Rome  as  a  private  citizen.  The  re- 
cent cases  of  ah  ^ication  are  those  of  King  Amadeus  of  Spain,  and  Prince  Alexander  of 
Bulgaria. 


It 

c 

d 


16  WIIA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

'  The  sponge  absorbs'  [sucks  or  drinks  in)  water /r^w  a  cup. 
^  A  privilege   is   abused'  when  it  is   perverted    (or   turned 
aivay)  from  its  proper  use. 

And  thus  he  bore  without  abuse 

The  grand  old  name  of  gentleman. —  Tennyson. 

^67er=  capable  of. 

hxable capable  of  (being)  ....«>•*..  plow(ed) 

Capable able  (to) caj) . .  take 

Durable capable  of . . .  .du r .  .last(ing). 

MaWcaJde capable  of  (being) . . .  .nialle] .  .hammer(ed) 

Portable capable  of  (being) .  . .  .port-  .carry   (carried). 

Sociable SOCi . .  companion ....  able. 

Tractable capable  of  (being) , . .  .tract,  .draw(n).® 

'VxiXncrable. . .  .capable  of  (being) . . .  .vainer . . wound(ed).^ 

[Formidable^  .capable  of  (exciting) . . .  .fomiid.  .fear.^ 

\ya\\)able^ (perceptible  to)   . .  .jialp.  .touch.'' 

[Redout«6^e].  .capable  of  (causing) . . .  .vedout.  .fear.' 

^  Ar'able  land  is  that  which  is  fitted  for  cultivation  {capable 
of  being  plowed). 

^  A  capable  person  is  one  who  is  able  to  act  {take  hold  of  in 
the  right  way). 

*  The  Indo-European  races  are  descended  from  a  pre-histonc  tribe  that  occupied  the 
region  immediately  southeast  of  the  Caspian  Sea.  Those  ancient  people  are  called  the 
Aryans  or//o«'-men,  because  the  syllable  ar,  occurring  in  the  sense  of  plov\  in  the  lan- 
guage of  all  their  descendants,  proves  that  they  were  agriculturists,  and,  therefore,  some- 
what advanced  m  civilization.  The  Aryans  have  been  the  history  makers  of  the  world. 
As  they  spread  out  into  India,  Persia,  and  throughout  Europe,  their  descendents  are  called 
Indo-Europcans,  or  modern  Aryans. 

Still  Ijnger  in  our  noon  of  time 

And  our  Saxon  tongue 
The  echoes  of  the  home-born  hymns 

The  Aryan  mothers  sung. —  M'hittier. 

t  A  mall  is  a  kind  of  hammer.  A  ma//ei  is  a  /I'l/U  hammer.  To  maul  is  to  strike  (as 
with  a  mall).  The  mall  in  a  park  is  the  place  where  croquet  (or  ball  and  mall)  Is  played. 
Pall  Mall  is  simply  the  hall  and  mall  place. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  17 

'^  A  durable  structure  is  one  that  is  capable  of  lasting  or  con- 
tinuing a  long  time. 

•*  Most  metals  are  mal'leable,  that  is,  capable  of  being  ha?nniered 
out  into  sheets. 

«  A  tract' able  person  is  one  who  is  capable  of  heing  influenced 
{drawn,  or  led,  along)  by  good  advice  or  treatment. 

^  A  vulnerable  part  is  one  capable  of  being  womided* 

s  h.  for' midable  opponent  is  one  capable  ^/ inspiring /far.f 

^  A  falsehood  is  said  to  he  pal'pable  when  it  is  so  plain  as  to 
be  easily  perceived  (as  though  capable  ^/ being  touched). 

'  A  redout' able  hero  is  one  capable  ^/ inspiring /mr  in  his  ene- 
mies.    [Also  spelled  redoubtable.^ 

^&^=from,  away. 


a 


Abscess cess . .  go abs . .  from,  away.^ 

Abscond cond .  ■  hide abs .  . away .^ 

Absent eiit.  .being abs.  .away. 

Absta.in tai^i  {ten),  .hold aJ)S.  .from.'^ 

^fo.stemious  . . .  abs  ■  ■  from  ....  teni . .  strong  drink ....  oilS  •  • 
being. '^ 

A ftstract tract . . draw abs. . from.* 

A  frstruse ti'tis . .  thrust abs ■  ■  from.^ 

^  An  ab'scess  is  a  sore  from  which  there  is  a  discharge  {going 
away)  of  matter. 

*  Thetis,  the  goddess  mother  of  Achilles,  dipped  him  when  an  infant  into  the  river  Styx 
in  order  to  render  him  invulnerable  to  mortal  weapons.  She  held  him  by  the  heel,  thus 
keeping  the  water  from  this  part  and  consequently  leaving  it  subject  to  mortal  laws. 
When  the  arrow  of  Paris  found  entrance  here  the  hero  yielded  up  his  life  in  accordance 
with  the  dying  prophecy  of  Hector: 

Phoebus  and  Paris  shall  avenge  my  fate. 

And  stretch  thee  here  before  the  Scaean  gate. — Pope's  Iliad. 

+  Is  heaven  tremendous  in  its  frowns  ?  most  sure; 
And  in  its  la.\ors /or midable,  too: 
Its  favors  here  are  trials,  not  rewards; 
A  call  to  duty,  not  discharge  from  care. —  Voune: 


18  WIIA  T  IVOKDS  SA  V. 

^  To  abscond'  is  to  depart  secretly  (as  if  to  Aide  away  from  pur- 
suit). 

Man  cannot  be  God's  outlaw  if  he  would 

Nor  so  abscond  him  in  the  caves  of  sense. — Lowell. 

^  To  abstain'  from  intoxicating  drink  is  to  hold  one's  sell 
away  from  the  use  of  it. 

''  An  abste'tnious  person  is  one  who  is  sparing  in  diet  (especially 
one  who  abstains /r^w  strong  drink). 

*  To  abstract'  money  from  a  till  is  to  take  (or  draw)  it  out 
(or  away).  An  ab'stract  of  a  document  is  a  portion  taken  (or 
drawn)  from  it. 

^  An  abstruse'  theory  or  proposition  is  difficult  to  understand 
(as  if  its  meaning  were  thrust  hsick  from  the  mind). 

/ 

Ac  (ad)  — to,  toward,  as^ainst,  at, 

Accelerate . .  ate  ■  ■  make ....  celer. .  swif  t(er) ....  ac  •  •  toward 
(forward). 

Accept cept  (eapt).  .take ac  .toward. 

Access cess ■  .go ac. . unto. 

Accident . . .  cid  (cad) . .  fall ent . .  ing . . .  ac  .  to.* 

Acclivity. . .  ity.  .that  which, . .  .cliv  . slope (s) ac  .tow- 
ard (up). 

Accord cord . . heart . . .  .ac  . toward.'' 

Accost rtc . .  to  .  . . .  cost .  .  rib  (side).*^ 

A  ccumulate.  ate .  .  make ....  cumul  *  ■  .  heap ac  ■  ■  against 

(up). 

^An  ac'cident  is  what  befalls  [falls  in  the  way)  or  happens 
unexpectedly. 

^  When  one  does  a  thing  of  his  own  accord'  his  heart  is  in- 
clined toward  it. 

When  one  accosts'  another  he  steps  to  his  side. 


c 


*  The  cumuln%  clouds  are  those  which  are  piled  up  in  heaps. 


'  PV//J  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  19 

^cZ=to,  toward,  unto,  against,  at. 

^d^dress dress . .  direct ad . .  unto. 

Adhere her . .  stick ad . .  to. 

Ailmne mir.  .wonder ad.  .at."* 

Admit 7nit{t)  . .  send fid .  ■  unto. 

/idmonition . .monit .  .warn  .  . .  .ioil.  .ing.  . .  .ad.  .against 

^^Zopt opt.  .wish,  choose. . .  .ad.  .unto. 

A  dore or. .  speak,  pray ....  ad . .  unto. 

Jt^^verse vers . .  turned  ....  ad . .  against. 

Advertise .  .  ..iwrt.  .turn. . .  .ad.  .to.'' 
Advise ad . .  according  to ... .  vis . .  seen.*^ 


c 


a  ' 


To  admire'  is  to  regard   with   pleasure  and  appreciation 
(akin  to  zvonder). 

^  To  advertise'  an  article  is   to  try  to  turn  the  attention  of 
people  to  it. 

•=  One  advis'es  in  regard  to  a  matter  according  to  the  way  it  i 
seen  by  him. 

^cZ6= arrangement,  preparation,  that  which  is  done. 

Kvcade arrangement  of . . .  .arc.  .arch(es).* 

Balustrade arrangement  of . .  .  .balusters. 

Baxricade arrangement  of . . .  .barric. . barrel (s)." 

Cannonc^cie continuous  discharge  of . .  .  .cannons. 

Q,o\onxs.ade arrangement  of .  . .  .coloilll.  .column(s). 

EsplangtZe. ...  .that  which  is ... .  esplan . .  level(ed).^ 

V.evcionade lemon ....  ade . .  preparation. 

VoXxsade arrangement  of . . .  .palis.  .stake(s),  posts.'' 

Pomade .pom . .  apple ....  ade . .  preparation.® 

Stockade arrangement  of . . .  .stoch.  .stocks,  posts/ 

^  How  brightly  gleams  that  arch  of  blue 
Beyond  the  green  arcade' ! — Hood. 

^  A  barricade'  is  an  obstruction  in  a  street  (often  made  of  bar- 
rels of  sand). 


20  WHAT   WORDS  SAY. 

•=  An  esplanade'  is  a  leveled  part  of  a  park  designed  for  public 
gatherings. 

^  K  palisade'  is  a  fortification  mades  of  stakes  or  posts.  The 
Palisades  of  the  Hudson  are  a  continuous  wall  of  lofty  columns 
of  stone  resembling  o.  fortificatioti  of  stakes  or  posts. 

Beneath  the  s&h\G  palisade 
That  closed  the  castle  barricade, 

His  bugle  horn  he  blew, — Scott. 

®  Pomade'  for  the  hair  was  formerly  jnade  of  apples. 
^  A  stockade'  is  a  fortification  of  stocks  or  posts. 

Ag,  act=do,  act,  urge,  drive. 

Affent ag.  .do enf-  .ing.'* 

Af/ile He.  .capable  of . .  .    Of/ .  .act(ion).'' 

Af/itate. itat .  ■  continue  to ... .  ay . .  urge.° 

Act act.  .do. 

ConntQvact act.  .act. . .  .cou^lter.  .against. 

Enact eii.  .into.'^ 

Exact act . . urge ex. . out.® 

React act . . act . . .  .re. . back. 

Transact act-  .do trans . . across,    through,    thor- 
oughly.^ 

[Ambiguous] . .aff .  .drive.  . .  .otiS.  -ing. .  .  .anibi. . around. ^ 

[Exif/ent] ag . .  drive  ....  eflt  ■ .  ing ....  ex . .  out,  forth.^ 

[Prod /</al] ag . . drive al.  . ing   . .  .prod . . forth.' 

*  An  a' gent  is  one  doing  business  for  another. 

^  An  agile  person  is  one  capable  of  quick  movement  (or 
acAon). 

^  The  sea  is  ag'itated  {urged  into  continual  motion)  by  the 
wind.  To  agitate  a  reform  is  to  urge  it  continually.  One  is 
agitated  when  he  is  stirred  {urged  continually)  by  some  strong 
feeling. 


IV N J  r   WORDS  SA  Y.  21 

^  To  enact'  a  law  is  to  put  it  into  act. 

The  law  hath  yet  another  hold  on  you. 

It  is  enacted  m  the  laws  of  Venice.     .     .     .     — Shakespeare. 

^  Exact'  weight  or  measure  is  that  which  has  been  carefully 

determined  {tirged  out,  as  it  were).     To  exact'  a  forfeiture   is 

to  compel  the  payment  of  it  (or  urge  it  out\ 

But  lend  it  rather  to  thine  enemy, 

Who,  if  he  break,  ibou  mayst  with  better  face 

Exact  the  penalty. — Shakespeare. 

^  To  transact'  a  piece  of  business  is  to  do  it  thoroughly. 

s  An  ambig  uous  statement  is  an  indefinite  or  uncertain  one 
[driving  around  the  point  or  question). 

^  A  matter  is  exigent  when  it  drives  ono.  forth  to  immediate 
action. 

^  The  prod' igal  \s  lavish  (or  driving  forth)  with  his  means. 

But  my  chief  care 
Is  to  come  fairly  off  from  the  great  debts, 
Wherein  my  time,  something  too  prodigal. 
Hath  left  me  gaged.  —  Shakespeare. 

Age  — th?it  which. 

¥o\\a(fe " . .  foil* . .  leaf.* 

Plnmar/e idii^ti.  .feather.^ 

Beverage hevev . . drink. *= 

Conrafje cour{cor) . .  heart. *^ 

\^a.ng\i(ige .  .langu  {lingu) .  ■  tongue.^ 

Outrage outr . . beyond. ^ 

Pillage _/>*??f . .  rob.  ^ 

Savage sav  {silv)l . .  wood,  forest. *" 

^  The  fo'liage  of  a  tree  is  all  its  leaves  {that  which  consists  oi 
leaves) . 

*  A. /olio  is  a  sheet  of  paper  folded  once  (thus  forming'  two  leaves), 

t  A  book  that  is  com/Z/ed  {con.  .together)  is  said  to  have  its  materials  brought  together 
\yj plundering  ra&Viy  sources. 
X  Pennj'.j'/r'ania  means  \.\\&  forest  region  settled  by  William  Fenn. 


32  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

^  The  plu' mage  oi  a.  hird  is  all  its  feathers  {that  which  con- 
sists oi  feathers). 

But  as  some  bird  of  heavenly  plutnage  fair, 

He  looked,  which  down  from  higher  regions  came 

And  perched  it  there,  to  see  what  lay  beneath. — Pollok. 

'^  A  bev'erage  is  that  which  is  taken  as  drink. 
^  Cour'age  is  bravery  or  daring  (that  which  requires  a  strong 
heart). 

^  Language  is  speech  {that  which  comes  from  the  tongue). 

In  eastern  lands  they  talk  in  flowers, 

And  they  tell  in  a  garland  their  loves  and  cares; 

Each  blossom  that  blooms  in  their  garden  bowers 
On  its  leaves  a  mystic  language  bears. — Percival. 

For  'tis  sweet  to  stammer  one  letter 

Of  the  Eternal's  language — on  earth  it  is  called  forgiveness. 

— Longfellow. 

'  An  out' rage  is  aggravated  misconduct  or  injury  {that  which 
goes  beyond  all  bounds). 

^  Pil'lage  is  that  which  is  taken  by  robbing — especially 
property  taken  by  soldiers  from  a  vanquished  people. 

^  A  savage  beast  is  one  that  is  wild  or  untamed  (like  those 
which  live  in  the  woods  or  forest). 

^^= belonging  to,  like,  ful. 

Capita? belonging  to capit  ■ .  (the)  head. 

Corpora? belonging  to corj^or  ■ .  (the)  body. 

Cymbal cymb . . cup al. . like.'' 

Dental belonging  to dent,  .(the)  tooth  (teeth) 

Dial pertaining  to. ..  .di. .  (the  time  of)  day. 

Festal belonging  to . . .  .feat. .  (a)  feast.'' 

Filia? belonging  to. . .  .fili.  .son,  daughter." 

Y\nal belonging  to fiti . .  (the)  end. 

Flora? belonging  to . .  .  .flov . .  flower(s). 

Fruga? frug . . fruit al. .  in\.^ 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  23 

Genial full  of  ready  genius^  or  pleasant  wit. 

Jo  via? large-hearted    and    merry    {like  Jove,    the 

father  of  the  gods). 

*  Cymbals  *  are  musical  instruments  (shaped  somewhat  // 
a  cup). 

"  A /^//a/ occasion  is  one  of  joy  and  gaiety  {like  unto  a.feasi). 

They  would  have  thought,  who  heard  the  strain, 
They  saw  in  Tempe's  vale  her  native  maids, 
Amidst  the /^jM/sounding  shades. 
To  some  unwearied  minjtrel  dancing. — Collins. 

c  Land  of  my  sires!    What  mortal  hand 
Can  e'er  untie  the  filial  band 
That  knits  me  to  my  rugged  strand!— 5'<ro/('. 

"'  A  frugal  or  thrifty  person   is  of  saving   (and   therefore 
fruitful)  habits. 

K  frugal  mouse  upon  the  whole, 

Yet  loved  his  friend,  and  had  a  soul. — Pope. 

^^=: belonging  to,  like,  ful  (continued). 

Lega? according  to ... .  leff . .  law. 

Mineral..     .  .belonging  to  a  mine. 

Nasal belonging  to ... .  iiasj; . .  the  nose. 

Natal belonging  to fiat,  .(the  day  one  is)  born. 

Nomina? belonging  to noniin . .  (a)  name. 

Norma? according  to nomiX ■  ■  rule."' 

Pena? belonging  to pew.  (i>a"il)§.  .punishment. 

Plura? belonging  to.  .  .  .pllir.  .more  (than  one). 

Regal belonging  to reg .  ■  (a)  king. 


b 


♦The  word  cAime  was  originally  chimbale,  and  at  a  still  earlier  time  cimbale.  It  com- 
pared the  ringing  of  the  bells  to  that  of  the  cymbals. 

tThe  flower  ««rturtium  (tort.,  twist iMwi...that  which)  is  so  called  because  of  the 

effect  of  its  odor  in  twisting  the  nose. 

\  Anything  ^nornio'as  (e.  .out)  is  out  of  the  usual  rule. 

§  A  sub/a^wa  (»«b.  under)  is  an  order  to  appear  as  a  witness  under  penalty  oi  fine  or 
imprisonment  for  contempt  of  court. 


24  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Rival belonging  to. . .  .7'iv.  .(the)  stream.'' 

Koy al belonging  to ... .  roy . .  (a)  king. 

Kural belonging  to ... .  TUT . .  the  country. 

Vital .belonging  to. .  .  .vit.  .life. 

Vocal belonging  to. .  .  .VOC  .(the)  voice. 

'-'  A  7ior'mal  school  is  a  place  where  the  most  approved  rula 
(or  methods)  for  teaching  are  laid  down. 

*>0'er  me,  like  a  re' gal  tent, 
Cloudy-ribbed,  the  sunset  bent, 
Purple  curtained,  fringed  with  gold. 
Looped  in  many  a  wide  swung  fold. —  IVhittier. 

•^  A  ri'valis  an  active  competitor  [like  one  of  two   persons 
claiming  the  right  to  use  the  same  stream). 


^/2,= without,  not. 

^wonymous otiS-  .being. . .  .au-  .without  . . .  .onym  .  .a 

name.^ 
Anarchy y .  .condition   of   being. .  .  .(Hi.  .without. . . . 

aTCh .  ■  a  ruler. 

Anodyne afl . .  without ....  od)/ii . .  pain.'' 

^/^ecdote an ■  ■  not dot .  ■  given . . .  .ec. . out.*= 

n  oma  y  /  ^^   ^  ^^^ omal . .  even,  regular.** 

JL'/iomalous      ) 


^  An  anonymous  letter  is  ivithout  the  real  najne  of  the  writer. 

''An  anodyne  is  a  drug  that  allays  pain  (and  therefore  leaves 
the  sufferer  tvithout pain). 

''An  a7iecdote  is  a  short  and  simple  story,  such  as  are  not  in- 
tended for  publication  {or  giving  out  to  the  public). 

''  An  a?wm'aly  is  something  unusual  (and  therefore  irregular). 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  25 

Flagrant fiagr* . .  burn ant . . ing.^ 

Fragraiit fragr . .  odor  emit ....  ant . .  ing.^ 

Mendicant  fnendic  .beg ant.  -ing." 

Pliafit pli  ■  ■  fold,  bend ant. . ing. 

Radiant radi .' .  ray . . .  ant . .  ing."^ 

Remnant Teni{a)n .  .remain. . .  .ant.  -ing.^ 

'$)ervant Serv . .  slave,  serve.  .  . .  ant. .  ing. 

Ten«^^ ten . .  hold ant . .  ing} 

Yigilant vigil  ■ .  awake,  watch ....  ant . .  ing.s 

[Dorm^x^if] dorm\ .  .sleep ant.  .ing. 

lErrant] err.  .wander ant.  -ing." 

[Rampa^^] ra^npX.  .climb,  rear ant-  -ing.' 

[Ruminant] riiniin.  .cud  chew. .  . .  tint.  -ing. 

[  Trenchant] trench,  .cut  —  ant.  -ing. 


J 


^A  fia'gratit  offense  is  a  burning  one. 

^  More  fra! gratit  than  Arabia  sacrificed, 
And  all  her  spicy  mountains  in  a  flame. —  Young. 

•^  What  is  station  high? 

'Tis  a  proud  men'dicant:  it  boasts  and  begs. 
It  begs  an  alms  of  homage  from  the  throng, 
And  oft  the  throng  denies  its  charity. —  Young. 

''The  diamond  is  a  radiant  gem  {sending  forth  rays  of  light). 
^A  rem'nant  is  a  small  piece  remaining. 

""A  tenant  is  one  holding  property,  usually  by  virtue  of  pay- 
mg  rent  for  it. 

Not  a  lark  that  calls 
The  morning  up,  shall  build  on  any  turf 
But  she  shall  be  thy  tenant,  call  thee  lord, 
And  for  thy  rent  pay  thee  in  change  of  songs. — Ford. 


*  A  conyfa^ration  {con.  .together  . .  .ation.  ing)  is  a  great  burning. 

t  A  dormitory  is  a  slec/>ing  apartment. 

X  To  romp  is  to  engage  in  rude  play  (such  as  ctzmSing  and  jumping). 


26  IV HA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

^A  vig'ilant  sentinel  is  awake  and  watching* 

^K  knight-er' rant  was  a  knight  wandering  in  quest  of  ad- 
venture. 

'A  lion  rain'paut  is  a  rearing  lion. 

JA  trench' ant  blade  is  one  that  is  very  sharp  (and  therefore 
well  adapted  for  cutting). 

Ap  {(l(l)  =  to,  toward,  unto,  against,  at,  upon. 

^2>para'tus  .  ..us.  .that  which  (is) . .  .  .parat.  .prepared 

ap.. nnto  (some  particular  use). 

Ap^2ire\ pareil . .  like aj) . .  unto  (like).'' 

Appeal peal  ( pell) . .  drive,  urge ....  ap . .  toward.** 

^_ppend .petld . .  hang up . .  unto. 

^2^petite .petit . .  attack ....  aj)  •  ■  upon.° 

^^plaud .plaud . . clap  hands ....  ap . .  toward. 

Appreciate. . .  ate . .  put preci . .  value ....  ap . .  upon. 

A^^prehend  .  .prehefid. .  grasp,  seize  . . .  ap . .  upon. 
Apprize pri.S . .  grasp,  seize   ...  ap .  ■  upon.'' 

A^^propriate  .ate  . .  make  ....  a2)  •  •  unto  . .  ^tt^o^fvi  . .  one's 
own. 

^Appar'el  is  clothing,  which  is  made  to  fit  the  person  of  the 
wearer  (as  if  giving  like  unto  like). 

^  To  appeal'  is  to  invoke  earnestly  in  behalf  of  some  object 
(as  if  urging  it  toward  the  listener). 

"Ap'petite  is  that  feeling  which  leads  one  to  make  an  eager 
attack  upon  food  or  drink. 

^  When  we  apprize'  one  of  an  occurrence,  we  enable  him  to 
seize  upon  the  facts  relating  to  it. 

*  And  in  the  silent  vig'ils  of  the  night 
When  uninspired  men  reposed,  the  bard, 
Ghastly  of  countenance,  and  from  his  eye 
Oft  streaming  wild  unearthly  fire,  sat  up 
.4nd  sent  imagination  forth. — Pollok. 


IVI/A  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  37 

^^=:  belonging  to,  like. 

QoWar belonging  to   . . . coll. .  (the)  neck. 

Familictr  .  ..well  known  {like  one  of  the/a/////y). 

Lun«r belonging  to. . .  .Inn*,  .the  moon. 

Popular* belonging  to popul . .  the  people. 

Kegulai*  . .  .according  to refful.  .rule. 

Solar belonging  to sol . .  the  sun.^' 

S&c\i\ar belonging  to scecill.  .generation,  the  world,  f 

Vulg««* belonging  to vulyX  ■  •  the  common  people. 

[Insular] . .  .belonging  to ins  ill  ■ .  (an)  island. 

[Mola^'] like niol.  .(a)  mill.'' 

[Ocular]  . .  .belonging  to octil  ■  ■  (the)  eye. 

[Stellffr]..  .belonging  to stell^.  .(the)  star(s). 

a  The  so7ar  shadow,  as  it  measures  life, 

It  life  resembles,  too:     Life  speeds  away 
From  point  to  point,  though  seeming  to  stand  still. —  Young. 
^  The  mol'ar  teeth  are  used  {like  a  mill)  in  grinding  the  food. 

^'^'1/ replace. 

Apiary place  (for) aj)  .bee(s). 

Aviary place  (for) . . .  .av.  .bird(s). 

Columhary place  (for) ....  coliinib . .  dove(s). 

Granary place  (for) ....  (fvan . .  grain. 

In^rmary place  (for) ....  (the)  infirm. 

*  The  mind  of  a  /««atic  was  supposed  to  be  affected  by  the  moon. 

W&rtaXnmg  to  the  generations  oi  this  world.  A  Scriptural  form  for  nvorldly  as  distin- 
gfuished  from  religious.  The  secular  solemnities  at  Rome  were  those  that  were  observed 
once  m  a  generation.  The  period  of  their  recurrence  was  gradually  extended  to  one  hun- 
dred years.  The  poet  Horace  regarded  it  as  his  proudest  distinction  to  be  appointed  to 
compose  the  Secular  Hymn.  The  noble  production  still  exists.  It  is  the  voice  of  imperial 
Rome  at  its  hijfhest  estate,  and  in  its  loftiest  mood.  The  author  saw  the  perfection  of  his 
work  and  said,  "  I  have  achieved  immortality,  my  name  shall  never  die." 

X  When  a  matter  is  diz'«/^ed  {di.  .apart,  abroad)  it  is  caused  to  spread  abroad s.vsxot\Q  the 
:om  mon  people, 

§  A  coaf/*//ation  {eon.  together)  is  a  group  of  stars  forming  (together)  a  system. 


28  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

l^xbvavy place  (for) ....  libr . .  book(s). 

Seminff  i' J/ place  (for) ....  seniifl . .  (sowing)  seed.^ 

Sancturt  I'l/ sanct . .  holy ....  ary . .  place. ^ 

^A  sem'inary  is  a  school   (or  place  for  sowing  the  seeds  of 
knowledge). 

''  Ah,  why 

Should  we,  in  the  world's  riper  years,  neglect 
God's  ancient  sanct' uaries,  and  adore 
Only  among  the  crowd,  and  under  roofs 
That  our  frail  hands  have  raised? — Bryant, 


A.vy =one  who,  that  which. 

Apothecat'^..one  who   (keeps   a) . .  .  .aj^othec  .store-house 

(of  medicines). 
Dromed^tl'2/..that     (animal)     which      (is    adapted    for)   . . 

(If'Oniad* . .  running. 
Lapidf/7'//  . .  .one  who  (carves  precious) ....  Idpidy. . stone(s). 
Lumin«>'2/.  ..that  which  (gives). . .   Intniil.  .light. 

Salrt>'?/ that  which  (is  given  to  buy). . .  .sal.  .salt.^ 

Secretary. .  .one  who  has  the  confidence  {secrets)  of  his  chief. 


['Pla.giary^  .  .one  who  (is  guilty  of) . . .  .plfigi.  .kidnapping.'' 
[Votary]- •  ■  .one  who  (offers  up  constant). . .  .vot.  .vow(s).'^ 

'^A  sal' ary  was  formerly  an  allowance  to  soldiers  for  the  pur- 
chase of  their  salt. 

^'^ plagiary  or pla'giartst  is  one  tvho  steals  the  writings  of  an- 
other (just  as  he  might  kidnap  that  other's  child)  and  passes 
them  off  as  his  own. 

'^A  vo' tary  is  one  who  is  a  devoted  worshiper  (as  if  offering 
up  constant  vows). 

*  A  hip'^odroiits  {hipp.  horse)  is  a  place  where  horses  run  races. 
A  Ai/>/opot'amus  i potaiitoa .  .river)  is  a  river  horse. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  29 

jite=m3.ke,  do,  act. 

Animate (fill  with) . . ,   anifn.  .breath,  spirit.'' 

Culminot^e make . .    .  culniiu  ■  •  a  top  (point  or  end).'' 

Dominaife act  as doniiih . .  master. 

Don^e^e make ....  don  . .  gift. 

Duplicate make du . .  two _/>?ic . .  fold. 

Evacuate make vacu . .  empty. 

Investigate (look).  .  .m..into.  ..vestlf/*.  .track,trace. 

Lacerrf f e make lacer . .  mangled,  torn. 

Lubricffli^e make  ....  liibvic ■ .  slippery. 

Mutilate make Tiiiifil.  .maimed. 

Oscill^^e act  as. .  .  .oscill.  .mask  of  Bacchus.'^ 

Rotate act  as ... .  rot  ■ .  (a)  wheel. 

Vacate make ....  vac  ■  •  empty. 

[Hibernate] (sleep  during) hlbevn.  .winter,^ 

a  Can  storied  urn  or  an'imated  bust 

Back  to  its  mansion  call  the  fleeting  breath? — Gray. 

''  A  wordy  quarrel  often  cut ininates  {makes  an  end)  in  blows. 

*=  To  os' dilate  is  to  move  with  a  swaying  motion  (as  did  the 
little  masks  of  Bacchus^  suspended  in  the  ancient  vineyards  to 
propitiate  the  god  of  wine). 

^  Many  animals  hi'bernate  {sleep  or  keep  in  close  quarters 
during  the  winter),  as  the  bear. 

Bene— w'^W. 

U<>n,e^i^t\on well ....  diet . .  say ....  ion  . .  ing.^ 

JJen enactor well fact . . do or. . er. 

Benehx. well fit  {fact)  . .  done.'' 

Henevolent well ....  vol . .  wish ....  eut . .  ing.° 

[Benefice] well flc  {fac) . .  make,  do.*^ 

[Beiiison]  (for  fte/iediction).*^ 

[N.  B.  {nota  bene)]. . .  .not.  .mark. . .  .bene.  .well. 

♦When  no  ves'tige  of  a  place  can  be  found,  every  track  ox  trace  of  it  has  disappeared. 


30  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

^  To  pronounce  a  benedic' Hon   upon  a  congregation  is  to  in- 
voke a  blessing  (that  it  may  be  well  with  all  its  members) 

Such  songs  have  a  power  to  quiet 

The  restless  pulse  of  care, 
And  come  like  the  benediction 

That  follows  after  prayer. — Longfellow. 

^  To  ben'efit  a  person  is  to  do  something  for  his  T£/^//-being.* 
"^  A  benev'olent  man  is  one  who  is  charitable   and  kindly  dis- 
posed, and   does,  or  wishes  to  do,  good   (or  well)   toward  his; 
fellows. 

But  deep  this  truth  impressed  my  mind 

Thro'  all  his  works  abroad, 
The  heart  benevolent  and  kind 

The  most  resembles  God. — Burns. 

^  A  benefice  is  a  living  (for  a  minister  and  his  family)  granted 
or  made  for  the  benefit  (7£/^//-being)  of  a  church. 

*  Out  of  the  cooling  opal 

The  stars  broke  one  by  one  : 
To  me  they  were  the  symbols 

Of  Heaven's  benison. —  William  Sawyer. 


Si=t\vo. 

Siped M. . two 2>^^ •  •  foot.* 

Hisect sect .  ■  cut  (into) ....  bi . .  two.'' 

jE?/valve bi. .  two  ....  valv\  ■ . door.'' 

jBalance bi. .  two ....  lance . .  plate,  dish. ^ 

barouche bi. .  two .... 7'Ot . .  wheel ....  us ■  .  ed. 


*  But  not  around  his  honored  urn 
Shall  friends  alone  and  kindred  mourn  : 
The  thousand  eyes  his  care  had  dried 
Pour  at  his  name  a  bitter  tide, 
And  frequent  falls  the  grateful  dew 
For  benefits  the  world  ne'er  knew. — Scott. 

t  A  valve  in  a  pump  is  a  little  door  that  is  opened  by  the  water  when  the  piston  is  forced 
down. 


WHAT  WOUDS  SAY.  31 

*  A  bird  or  other  animal  having  but  two  feet  is  called  a  bi- 
ped. 

^  To  bisect'  a  line  is  to  cut  it  into  two  equal  parts. 
•^  The  oyster  or  clam   is   called   a  bi'valve,  because  its  shell 
pens  like  ttvo  doors  working  on  one  hinge. 
''  An  apothecary's  balance  has  two  dishes. 

Like  souls  that  balance  joy  and  pain, 
With  tears  and  smiles  from  heaven  again, 
The  maiden  Spring  upon  the  plain 
Came  in  a  sun  lit  fall  of  rain. —  Tennyson. 

^  A  barouche'  was  originally  a  two-zvheeled  vehicle.  It  is  now 
a  carriage  having  four  wheels,  and  provided  with  two  seats 
for  passengers  and  an  elevated  seat  for  the  driver. 

Brev,  br ef=short. 

!ii'einty brev.  .short. . .  .ity .  .ness. 

jireve brev.  .short.'' 

Brief bref.  .short.i^ 

Abbreinaie ab. . away brev . . short ate . . en." 

[Abridf/e] ...... a{b) . . away bref/  {brev) . .  short. ** 

[Brevet] brev . . brief,  short .. .  et.  ■  little. ^ 

^  A  brew  was  originally  a  sho?'t  note,  though  now  the  longest 
one.  The  sign  (*')  of  the  short  sound  of  a  vowel  is  also  called 
a  breve. 

^  A  brief  interview  is  a  short  one.  A  lawyer's  brief  is  a  short 
document  embodying  the  law  points  in  his  case. 

''  To  abbre'viate  a  name  is  to  shorten  it  (by  taking  away 
letters). 

*^  To  abridge'  a  work  is  to  put  it  into  smaller  (or  shorter) 
space. 

®  A  brevet'  is  a  short  {or  little)  commission  {or  brief)  given  for 
gallantry  or  distinguished  service,  though  not  accompanied 
with  a  corresponding  command. 


32  WHA  T  IVOJiDS  SA  Y. 

Ced=go. 

Vrececle go .  • .  .2>>'e . .  before. 

Proceed go jiro .  .forward. 

Recede go. . .  .re. . back.'' 

Succeed go sue  {sub) . .  under,  after.'' 

Intercede go.  •  •  ■  ititev.  .between. 

•  Exceed? go ...  ,  ex  ■  ■  out  (or  beyond). 

[Antece^^ent] go ... .  eilt ■  .  ing   ...  ante . .  before. 

[Precef^ence] go. . . .    nee .  .ing. . .  .pre.  .before. 

[Preceder\t\ go ... .  ent .  ■  ing .  .  .  .2JVe .  .  before.*^ 

[Secee^e] go .  .  . .  se . .  aside,  away. 

*  Hark!  as  my  lingering  footsteps  slow  retire 
Some  Spirit  of  the  Air  has  waked  thy  string! 
'Tis  now  a  Seraph  bold,  with  touch  of  fire, 

'Tis  now  the  brush  of  Fairy's  frolic  wing. 
Reced'ing  now,  the  dying  numbers  ring 
•  Fainter  and  fainter,  down  the  rugged  dell. 
And  now  the  mountain  breezes  scarcely  bring 

A  wandering  witch-note  of  the  distant  spell — 
And  now,  'tis  silent  all! — Enchantress,  fare  thee  well! 

— Scott. 

The  world  recedes' ;  it  disappears! 
Heaven  opens  on  my  eyes. — Pope. 

^  To  succeed'  another  is  to  follow  {go  after)  him.  Hence,  to 
succeed  in  an  undertaking  is  to  follow  it  up  to  a  prosperous  or 
favorable  conclusion. 

The  stiller  sound  succeeds,  and  God  is  there. — Dryden 

^  K prec'edent  is  something  done  {going  before)  which  may 
■serve  as  a  guide  under  like  circumstances. 

'Twill  be  recorded  as  a  precedent, 

And  many  an  error  by  the  same  example 

Will  rush  into  the  state. — Shakespeare. 

Be  wise  to-day;  'tis  madness  to  defer; 
Next  day  the  la.ia.\  precedent  will  plead. 
Thus  on  till  wisdom  is  pushed  out  of  life. —  Young. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  33 

(7eilf= hundred. 

Cent hundred.^ 

Cei^^ennial  . . .  .al.  .  belonging  to ce7lt .  ■  hundred  . .  .  enil 

{ann) year.^ 

Ceilfipede hundred . . .  .j^ed  ■  ■  foot. 

Centuple hundred  ,  . .  .'pl{ic)  ■  .fold. 

Century hundred  ....  ury .  ■  (years). 

Oeai^urion ion.. one.  who  (commands) ...  .ceii^.  .hun- 
dred (men). 

Per  cent 2>e/'.  .by . . .  .cent. .  (the)  hundred. 

[Ceil/ denary]  . .  .  ary.  .  belonging     to ... .  cent . .  hundred .... 

en  {ami) .  .year. 
[Centigrade],  .hundred. . .  .ffrttd.  .degree(s).'^ 
[Cen-fimeter.  .hundred. .  .  .meter{s).^ 

^  A  cent  is  the  one  hundredth  part  of  a  dollar. 

■^  The  centipede  is  a  poisonous  insect  having  very  many 
(as  if  a  hu7idred)  feet. 

"  The  centigrade  thermometer  has  a  scale  divided  into  one 
hundred  degrees,  starting  from  the  freezing  point  as  zero. 

^  A  cen'timeter  is  the  hundredth  part  of  a  jneter  (a  measure  of 
length  in  the  metric  system). 


€ess—^o 


a 


Abscess go  • . . .  abs . .  from,  away. 

Access go . . .   ac  (ad) . .  to. 

Ancestor an{te) .  ■  before ....  ces{s) . .  go . . . .  or. . 


ery 


Excess go  •  •  •  •  eoc . .  out  (or  beyond). 

Intercessor or .  .  one    who ....  cess .  .  go(es) ....  inter 

.  .between. 
Predecessor or  ■ .  one  who ....  cess .  .go(es) ....  dc  . . 

from . . .  .pre.  .before. 


T 


34  WHA  7'   WORDS  SA  Y. 

Process go pro . .  forward. "= 

Procession go ion.  .ing   . .  .pro forward. 

Recess go. . .  .re. . back.*^ 

Pmccession go ion . .  ing ...  sue  (sub) . .  after.* 

Successor or. . one    who cess  . .  goes  ....  sue 

(sub) . .  after. 
^  An  ab'scess  is  a  sore  from  which  there  is  a  discharge  {going 
away)  of  matter. 

^  Like  lavish  ancestors,  his  earlier  years 
Have  disinherited  his  future  hours. —  Young. 

°  Yet,  I  doubt  not  through  the  ages  one  increasing  purpose  runs, 
And  the  thoughts  of  men  are  widened  with  the  process  of  the  suns. 

—  Tennyson. 

^  To  take  a  recess'  is  to  withdraw  temporarily   (as   if  to  go 

back)  from  one's  occupation. 

By  the  love 
Of  their  wild  blossoms  our  young  footsteps  first 
Into  her  deep  recesses  are  beguiled, 
Her  minster  cells — dark  glen  and  forest  bower. 

— Mrs.  Hemans. 

®  Whatever  blooms  in  torrid  tracts  appear. 
Whose  bright  succession  decks  the  varied  year. 

— Goldsmith. 

CircUfn.= around. 

Cii'cumf erence .  .fer  . .  bear ....  ence  . .  ing circuni . . 

around. 

('i'rct(ftlf\ex flex,  .bending. . .  .cii^cum.  .around.* 

Circwmlocution.locut.  .speak. . .  .ion.  .ing circuni. . 

around. 
Circuniscribe . .  .scrib.  .write,  mark. . .  .circum.  .around.'' 
Circumspect. . .  .sped.  .look. . .  .circuni. . around. *= 
Circumstance. .  .stance,  .standing. . .  .circuni.  .around.'* 

Circumvent vent . .  come ....  circuni . .  around.^ 

Circuit ct'rcit(*n').  .around it.  .go. 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  bo 

*  The  circumflex  indicates  a  wave  of  voice,  rising  and  fall- 
ing (a  bending  around,  as  it  were). 

''  For  round  and  round  in  spacious  circuit  wide, 
Mountains  of  tallest  stature  circumscribe 
The  plains  of  Paradise. — Pollok. 

But  that  I  love  the  gentle  Desdemona, 

I  would  not  my  unhoused  free  condition 

Put  into  circumscrip' tion  and  confine 

For  the  sea's  worth.  —  Shakespeare. 

'  A  cir' cwnspect  person  is  one  who  looks  around  him  before 
acting. 

'^  One's  cir  cumstances  are  the  conditions  surrounding  (or 
standing  around^  him. 

Who  does  the  best  his  circumstance  allows, 

Does  well,  acts  nobly;  angels  could  no  more. —  Young. 

*  To  circumvent'  one  is  to  delude  or  gain  advantage  over  him 
by  coming  arotind  him  with  arts  or  stratagem. 

Claim  (clam) =c2i\\  out,  shout. 

Claini.^ 

Acclaim call  out ac{ad)  ■ .  toward. 

Exclaim shout ex. . out.'' 

Proclaim call  out . . .  .pro . .  forward,  forth. *= 

T>eclaim call  out tie . .  from  (an  eminence).'^ 

Reclaim call  aloud . . .  .re. . back. 

Clamor shout   . .  .or. .  ing. 

""  To  c/aim  a  piece  of  property  is  to  assert   {ca//  out)  one'? 
ownership  of  it. 

"  To  exclaim'  is   to  call  (or  cry)  out.     The   prefix  (ex)  has  in 
this  word  merely  aft  intensive  effect. 

•^  The  herald  proclaimed'  (or  called  out)  the  mandates  of  the 
king  as  he  vjent  forth  among  the  people.  , 

"^  When  one  declaims',  he  calls  out  in  set  speech  (as  if  down 
from  an  eminence). 


ae  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  y. 

Chid,  cltlS= shut,  close. 

Exclude shut ex . .  out.'' 

Include shut. . .  .in.  .in. 

Seclude shut se. . aside,  away. 

Conclitde shut .  .  .  .coil.  ■  together." 

Preclitde shut  (out) j^^re . .  before. 

Reclitse shut re . .  back. 

^Auspicious  midnight,  hail! 
The  world  excluded,  every  passion  hush'd, 
And  open'd  a  calm  intercourse  with  heaven. —  Young. 


To  conclude'  SihsiYgsan  is  to  agree  upon  terms  [or  close  together). 


Col  (C0^)  =  with,  together. 

ToHapse. . .  lai>s . .  slip col . .  together 

ToHateral .al. . having later . .  side(s) ....  col . .  together.^" 

Collect. . .  .led.  .choose,  gather.  . .  .col.  .together. 
Collide ....  lid . .  strike ....  col . .  together. 
Colloquy.. .  loqii . .  talk ....  col . .  together. 
OoHeague  .  leg .  ■  send  ....  col .  .  together." 

Collation .  .  ion  . .  that  which   (is) ....  lat . .  brought ....  col .  . 
together. 

^  Collat'eral  relatives  stand  side  by  side  with  each  other,  in- 
stead of  in  the  direct  line  of  descent. 

^  A  col' league  is  one  sent  with  another  in  the  discharge  of 
some  duty.     Hence,  an  associate  in  office. 

Corn   (co^l)  =  vvith,   together. 

Conimemoraxe.ate .  .make. . .  .inemor .  .mindful com.. 

with. 
Co'Wimingle.  .  .  .mingle  with  or  together. 

ComrnxserzXe.  .  uiiserat. .  pity com  . .  with. 

Commotion  . . . mot . .  move. . . .  ion . . ing — com  . . together. 


/r/M  T  WORDS  SA  V.  37 

Commute TTiilt.  .change. . .  .C0fH.  .with.* 

Company _2>r/41 . .  bread  ....  com .  .  together.'' 

Compare _/j«>' . . arrange .  .  .  .com. . together. 

(7o/>*partment  .nieilt.  .that  which   (is) .  .  .  .jjat't.  .divid(ed) 

. . .  .com  ■  .with  (others).'' 
Co^^ipassion .  .  .j^ass . .  suffer,   feel iou  . .  ing  ....  com . . 

with. 

*  The  governor  of  a  state  sometimes  conumites  the  sentence 
of  a  condemned  criminal  by  changing  it  to  imprisonment  for 
life. 

^  Friendly  com'pany  eat  [bread)  together. 

'^  The  compart' inents  of  a  ship  are  the  different  parts  into 
which  the  hold,  or  space  below  decks,  is  divided. 

Com  (C0/i')  =  with,  together  (continued). 

Cotnpeer. . .  .peer  ( par) . .  equal ....  coin     with.^ 
Co'mpensate..pe}is<if .  .weigh. .  .  .com.  .with.'' 

Comp\\e _/)'/^* . .  plunder ....  com . .  together.'^ 

Complacent..jdac .  .please euf.  .ing com.  .with.*^ 

Co}npla'm  . .  .2jl((iii   (jjlang) .  .bewail. .     com.  .with    (in 

regard  to).^ 
Co m plement. me nt .  .that    which. . .  .pie.  .fill(s). . .  .co?H. . 

together. 
Cotnplex . .  .  -2)1  ex . .  woven   .  . .  com  . .  together. 
CoiWplexion  .  iofl  ■  ■  that     which      (is) .  . .  .plex  ■ .  plaited  .... 

com.  .together.^ 

*  Our  compeers'  are  those  with  whom  we  are  equal. 

'°  To  C07npe7i! sate  one  for  trouble  is  to  make  him  a  return  (that 
will  weigh  equally  zvith  the  service  rendered  by  him). 

*  The///'lage  of  an  army  is  ^^  plunder  taken. 

Oft  stooping:  as  she  strayM,  she  cull'd  the  pride 

Of  every  plain  ;  sh.e  /•liiag^^d  every  grove  ; 
The  frdinu  chaplet  daily  she  supply  d, 

And  still  her  hand  some  various  garland  wove. — Shenstone. 


38  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

'^  To  compile'  is  to  select  and  put  together  literary  matter  from 
materials  found  in  documents  or  books  written  by  others  (thus 
suggesting  the  idea  oi plunder). 

''  A  person  is  compla'cent  when  he  is  pleased  with  himself. 

•Save  that  from  yonder  ivy-mantled  tow'r, 
The  moping  owl  does  to  the  moon  complain' 

Of  such  as,  wand'ring  near  her  secret  bow'r. 
Molest  her  ancient,  solitary  reign. — Gray. 

*^The  complexion  of  affairs  means  their  appearance  (that 
which  is  entwined,  or  plaited  together).  The  complexion  of 
one's  face  is  its  color,  or  general  appearance. 


Co^=vvith,  together. 

roncave cav . .  hollow con . .  together.* 

<  o if ceal eel.  .hide.  .  .  .eofl.  .with. 

Concord cord* . .  heart(s) ....  con . .  together.'' 

Concrete cret . .  grown ....  eon . .  together."^ 

Co^i-cussion euss    ( q uass )  . .  shake ion. . ing 

con  .  ■  together. 

Cow-dense dens . . thicken . .  .  .con  .  ■  together. 

Co^jflagration  .  .flagv. .  burn ....  at  ion.  .  ing. . .  .con.  .to- 
gether. 

Co^^flict fiict . .  strike ....  con .  ■  together.'' 

Congeal <7^^t  •  -freeze.  . .  .eon.  .together.^ 

(  V>»< genial genial  together. 

i  'o*(tglomerate.  ..fflonYieT .  .gIobe,ball. . .  .ate.  .ed. . .  .eon. . 
together 

(^'oilgregate  ....  gveg  ■  ■  herd ....  eon  ■ .  together. 


*A  con'cave  surface  curves  in  like  a  hollow  dish  (and   is  as   if 
all  its  sides  came  together  at  the  centre). 

*  K  cor'd\a.\  stimulates  the  heart.     A  cordial  reception  is  a  Iw  tTty  one. 
\  Jel'Xy  and  ^f/'atine  have  the  appearance  of  heXx^g  frozen. 


H^HA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  3» 

''  The  man  that  hath  no  music  in  himself, 
Nor  is  not  moved  with  con  cord  of  sweet  sounds, 
Is  fit  for  treasons,  stratagems,  and  spoils; 
The  motions  of  his  spirit  are  dull  as  night. 
And  his  affections  dark  as  Erebus. 
Let  no  such  man  be  trusted. — Shakespeare. 

Flowers  of  all  hue  are  struggling  into  glow 
Along  the  blooming  fields;  yet  their  sweet  strife 
Melts  into  one  harmonious  concord. —  Schiller. 

Methinks  that  there  abides  in  thee 
Some  concord  with  humanity, 
Given  to  no  other  flower  I  see. 

—  Wordsworth.— {''To  the  Daisy.") 

"A  con! Crete  substance  is  one  in  which  the  particles  are  united 
into  a  mass  or  body  (as  \i  groivn  together).  Concrete'  is  a  mass 
of  small  stones,  sand  and  cement  hardened  (as  \i  graivn  together). 

^  Hark!  heard  you  not  those  hoofs  of  dreadful  note? 

Sounds  not  the  clang  of  con'Jlict  on  the  heath? — Byron. 
*  She  press'd  to  hear — she  caught  the  tale — 

At  every  sound  her  blood  congeaVd' ; 
With  terror  bold — with  terror  pale, 

She  sprung  to  search  the  fatal  field. — Penrose. 


(7oM'=with,  together  (continued). 

Cotinect nect . .  tie con .  ■  together. 

Consider (be)  with  (the) sidev.  .star(s). 

Constellation . .  ation  .  ■  (arrangement    of) stell. .  star(s) 

.  .  .  .COfl-  ■  together.^ 

Contact   tact . .  touched con . .  together. 

Con trive trov . .  find con  ■  ■  together.'' 

Contuse tus .  ■  bruise ....  C07l .  ■  together. 

Convoy con .  ■  with  (on  the) . . .  .vi. . way. 

Convulse vuls* .  .pluck,  pull con.  .together.** 


a 


*  The  vutfare  is  the  plucker^  or  tearer. 


40  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

'•'■  To  consid'er  is  to  think  over  with  care.  The  superstition 
of  the  ancients  led  them  to  consult  the  aspect  of  the  heavenly 
bodies  before  entering  upon  any  important  undertaking. 
Hence,  to  co?isider  meant  originally  to  be  with  the  stars. 

Co>i7'crse  with  stag's  above,  and  know 
All  Nature  in  its  forms  below. — Parnell. 

^  Adorn'd  with  gems  so  richly  bright, 
We'll  form  a  constella'tion. 
Where  every  star,  with  modest  light. 

Shall  gild  his  proper  station. — Montgomery. 

"^  To  contrive'  is   to  devise  (as  if  by  putting  different  things 

together  until  a  successful  result  is  found). 

The  chest,  contrivd  a  double  debt  to  pay, 

A  bed  by  night,  a  chest  of  draw'rs  by  day. — Goldsmith. 

^  When  the  body  of  any  animal  is  convulsed' ,  there  is  an  agi- 
tation or  twitching  of  the  members  (as  if  the  muscles  were 
violently /z/;//^^  or  drawn  together). 

No  wizard  mutters  the  tremendous  spell, 

Nor  sinks  convulsive  in  prophetic  swoon. — Beattie. 

Go  charge  my  goblins  that  they  grind  their  joints 
With  dry  convulsions;  shorten  up  their  sinews 
With  aged  cramps  ;  and  more  pinch-spotted  make  them 
Than  pard  or  cat  o'  mountain. — Shakespeare. 

Coron  — crown, 

COVO ftation. .  .  .crown ....  (ttioti  •  ■  ing. 

Coronet et-  ■  little ....  cot'on  . .  crown. 

i'oi'ona.1 crown. .  .  .al.  .like." 

Coroner crown ....  ei'  ■  ■  (officer). 

Cornice crown. .  .  .ice.  .(part).*^ 

Croivn,"" 

[Co^'olla] oil.  .little.  .  .  .eor{on).  .crown/. 

[Coi^oUary] ....  at'y ..  thai     which      (is      a)  .  .  . .  oil   ..little 
. . .  .€Oi'{<m).  .crown.s 


a 


c 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  41 

^  A  coronet  is  a  little  crown  worn  by  a  duke  or  a  duchess. 

Kind  hearts  are  more  than  coronets. 

And  simple  faith  than  Norman  blood. —  Tennyson. 

^  Not  a  prince, 
In  all  the  wide  world  beyond  the  deep, 
E'er  wore  his  crown  as  loftily  as  he 
Wears  the  green  cor' anal  of  leaves. — Bryant. 

"  The  cor  oner  is  an  officer  whose  duty  it  is  to  inquire  into 
the  cases  of  persons  who  have  died  suddenly  or  mysteriously. 
Originally,  an  officer  who  represented  the  crown.,  or  king. 

^  A  cor  nice  is  an  ornament  around  a  room  or  building  near 
the  top  (forming  the  crownittg part  of  it,  as  it  were). 

«  Uneasy  lies  the  head  that  wears  a  crown. — Shakespeare. 

*■  The  corol'la  is  the  beautiful  little  crown  formed  by  the 
petals  of  a  flower. 

s  A  corollary  is  an  obvious  consequence  of  a  demonstration 
(thrown  in  as  a  little  garland  to  crown  the  argument). 

Corpus^  corpoT^  COr5=body. 

Corpse COrp{ii)s . .  (dead)  body. 

Corptilent lent . .  full  of cf}rpu{s) . . body.* 

Corporal al. . belonging  to ... . corpov . . body.^ 

Incorporate ate.  .make. .  .  .in   .into corpor. . 

body.*^ 

Corse (dead)  body. 

Corset et. . little cofs . . body.'' 

Corpuscle cul.  .little. .  ..corjnis  .body.'' 

[Corp>s] corp){'H)s.  .body  (of  troops).*' 

\Corporeal'\ eal . .  belonging   to  ... .  corpor . .  (the) 

body.s 

{Corslet'] let.  .little cors-  .body.'' 

{Habeas  Co7'pns] .  .  h aheas . .  you  may   have corpus  • . 

the  bo'lv 


,-  1 


42  JVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

•  A  competence  is  vital  to  content ; 
Much  wealth  is  cor'pulence,  if  not  disease. —  Young, 

''  07/"'/^^^/ punishment  is  inflicted  upon  the  body. 

*^  To  incor' porate  a  city  is  to  organize  it  under  a  charter  {make 
it  into  a  working  body.,  supplied  with  proper  organs).  An 
idea  is  incorporated  into  a  book  when  it  is  put  into  the  body  of 
°.t,  or,  in  other  words,  made  a  part  of  it. 

^  A  cor' set  is  an  article  of  dress  inclosing  the  waist  (or  small 
part  of  the  body). 

"^  A  blood  corpuscle  is  a  particle  (or  very  little  body)  of  the 
blood. 

^  An  army  corps  (pronounced  core)  is  a  large  organized 
body  of  troops. 

K  Some  place  the  precious  stone  in  gold. 
Beyond  what  Croesus  ever  told  ; 
Some  give  it  to  corpo'i'eal  health, 
And  some  will  have  it  mental  wealth. 

—Pratt  {"  The  Philosopher's  Stone"). 

^  A  cors'let  is  a  small  defensive  armor  for  the  front  of  the 
body. 

'  A  writ  of  ha'beas  cor'pus  is  a  peremptory  order  of  a  court 
directed  to  the  person  detaining  or  holding  another  in  cus- 
tody, commanding  him  to  have  the  body  of  the  person  so  de- 
tained before  the  court  at  a  certain  time,  for  the  purpose  of 
an  inquiry  into  the  cause  of  his  detention* 

Cover. 

Cover. 

Coverlet lit . .  bed. 

Ti'iu^over dis . .  un.=* 

Kerch\&i vJief. .  head.** 


♦This  writ,  which  is  one  of  the  most  important  safeguards  of  personal  liberty,  vas  in- 
stituted by  the  English  parliament  during  the  reign  of  Charles  11  ,  and  originally  it  con- 
tained the   words  /laheas  corpus  (you  iiiay  have  the  body).     It  provided   for  the  speedy 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  43 

Curiew (:over feu .  ■  fire.' 

[Covert] cover 1. . ed.'^ 

'^  To  discov'er  a  thing  is  to  bring  it  to  light  {uncover  it). 
''  A  ker  chief  is  a  square  cloth  tied  around  (and  covering)  the 
head. 

Thus,  night,  oft  see  me  in  thy  pale  career, 

Till  civil-suited  morn  appear; 

Not  trick'd  and  frounc'd  as  she  was  wont 

With  the  Attic  boy  to  hunt, 

But  kerchief  d  in  a  comely  cloud. 

While  rocking  winds  are  piping  loud, 

Or  usher'd  with  a  show'r  still. 

When  the  gust  hath  blown  his  fill, 

Ending  on  the  rustling  leaves. 

With  minute  drops  from  off  the  eaves. — Milton. 

"  The  curfew  was  an  evening  bell  rung  in  England  some 
centuries  ago  to  notify  the  people  to  cover  up  their  fires  and 
retire. 

Each  wandering  genius  of  the  lonely  glen 
Shall  start  to  view  the  glittering  haunts  of  men, 
And  silence  watch,  on  woodland  heights  around. 
The  village  curfew  as  it  tolls  profound. —  Campbell. 

The  curfew  tolls  the  knell  of  parting  day.  —  Gray. 

•*  A  cov'ert  attack  is  one  made  utider  cover. 

Sad  is  my  fate!  said  the  heart-broken  stranger, 
The  wild  deer  and  wolf  to  a  covert  can  flee; 

But  I  have  no  refuge  from  famine  and  danger— 

A  home  and  a  country  remain  not  to  me. — Campbell. 

bringing  of  the  person  (body)  of  the  prisoner  into  court  for  the  purpose  of  an  inquiry 
into  the  cause  of  his  detention,  and  if  it  there  appeared  that  he  was  improperly  or  il- 
legally held  in  custody,  he  was  at  once  set  at  liberty.  In  the  United  States  the  right  of 
habeas  corpus  is  guarded  with  jealous  care.  It  may  be  suspended  only  in  time  of  great 
public  danger,  as  in  the  case  of  war  or  riot.  During  the  late  civil  war  it  was  suspended 
in  roany  of  the  States  as  a  military  necessity. 


44  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Curr,  curs = r  u  n . 

Current curr . .  run ....  etit . .  ing.^ 

Exc?*i'Sion curs .  ■  run ....  io7l . .  ing ....  ex . .  out. 

Incursion curs . .  run ....  io7i . .  ing ....  iii . .  into.'' 

Occur C'ur{r).  .run oc  {oh),  .against." 

Courier curr . .  run . . .  Aer . . er.'' 

Concourse curs.  .run. . .  .con.  .together.® 

Co}' r'ldor idor.  .that  which. .  .  .curr.  .runs.^ 

Precursor 7>/'e .  •  fore ...  curs . .  run  ....or..eT. 

Courser cours  (curs) . . run er.^ 

Course.^ 

*  With  secret  course  which  no  loud  storms  annoy 
Glides  the  smooth  cur' rent  of  domestic  joy. — Goldsmith. 

Flow  ge?itly,  sweet  Afton,  among  thy  green  braes, 

Flow, gently,  I'll  sing  thee  a  song  in  thy  praise; 

My  Mary's  asleep  by  thy  murmuring  stream. 

Flow  gently,  sweet  Afton,  disturb  not  her  dream. — Burns. 

^  An  incursion  is  a  sudden  invasion  (or  running  into  a 
country  for  the  purpose  of  conquest  or  plunder), 

"  A  thought  occurs'  to  one  as  if  running  against  him. 

'^  A  courier  is  a  run?iing  messenger. 

^  A  con' course  of  people  is  a  gathering  of  those  who  have 
run  together  on  account  of  some  exciting  cause. 

^  A  corridor  is  a  long  hall  or  passage  [that  ivhich  runs  through 
a  building). 

s  A  cours' er  is  a  running  horse, 

Howe'er,  the  youth  with  forward  air 

Bows  to  the  sage,  and  mounts  the  car; 

The  lash  resounds,  the  coursers  spring. 

The  chariot  marks  the  rolling  ring; 

And  gath'ring  crowds,  with  eager  eyes. 

And  shouts,  pursue  him  as  he  flies. —  Whitehead. 

^  Ah  me!     For  aught  that  ever  I  could  read. 
Could  ever  hear  by  tale  or  history, 
The  course  of  true  love  never  did  run  smooth. —  Shakespeare. 


WHA  T   WORDS  SA  Y. 

De~un. 


45 


i)eform un. 

Deplete un. 

Derange un . 

Z><^stroy un. 

Z>etach un. 

Detect   un . 

X)ethrone un . 

2>evelop un. 


.form. 

.plet/.^W."- 

.arrange. 

.stru .  .build. 

.  tueli . .  fasten. 

.tect.  .cover.'' 

.  throne. 

.  voltip  ■ .  wrap,  fold. 


*  To  deplete'  the  body  of  its  blood  is  to  take  a  part  of  it  (as 
if  to  empty,  or  unfill.,  the  vessels  containing  it). 

^  To  detect'  an  error  is  to  bring  it  to  light  (to  uncover  it.  as  it 
were).* 

'^To  develop  a  mine  is  to  uncover  the  ore.  The  child  develops 
as  he  unfolds  his  powers. 


X)^=down,   from. 

DeeVxne din . .  lean,  bend  ....  de . .  from,  down.^ 

jDeclivity .  . .  cllv  ■  ■  slope ....  Ift/ .  .  ing . . .  .de. .  down. 

Z>efend fetid ■ . strike . .  .  .de-  ■  down,  from.'' 

^Delegate  .  . .  legat . .  send ....  de . .  f  rom.'^ 

2)e'liver liber . .  free . . .  .de. . from."^ 

_Depart part . .  separate ....  de . .  from. 

X)epreciate . .  ate . .  put . . .  .preti . .  value ....  de . .  down. 
2>epredate . .  ate .  .  take . .  .  .prmd .  .  prey,  spoil ....  de  ■  ■  from. 
i>espise sjHs  {tipec)  ■  .look. .  .  .de-  .down  (upon).'' 

*  If  one  should  give  me  a  dish  of  sand,  and  tell  me  there  were  particles  of  iron  in  it,  I 
might  look  for  them  with  my  eyes  and  search  for  them  with  my  clumsy  fingers,  and  be  un- 
able to  cii/ect  Xham;  but  let  mc  take  a  magnet  and  sweep  through  it,  and  how  would  it 
draw  to  itself  the  almost  invisible  particles  by  the  mere  power  of  attraction! — I/oimes. 


46  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  In  the  decline'  of  life  a  person  bends  down.     In  declining  an 

offer  one  lea?is  from  it.* 

Like  our  shadows, 
Our  wishes  lengthen  as  our  sun  declines. —  Young. 

'°  One  defends'  himself  by  striking  down  the  arm  of  his  foe. 

Poor  naked  wretches,  wheresoe'r  you  are. 

That  bide  the  pelting  of  this  pitiless  storm, 

How  shall  your  houseless  heads,  and  unfed  sides, 

Your  looped  and  windowed  raggedness,  defend  you? — Shakespeare. 

^A  delegate  to  a  convention  is  one  sent  to  it  by  (or  from)  some 
person  or  persons  entitled  to  representation  therein. 

^  To  deliver  one  from  prison  is  to  free  him  from  it.  To  de- 
liver a  j)arcel  or  a  message  is  to  free  one's  self  from  the  care 
of  it. 

"  Despising 

For  you,  the  city,  thus  I  turn  my  back: 
There  is  a  world  elsewhere. — Shakespeare. 

Di  (6^'i's)=3apart,  from. 

Digress gress .  .go. ..  .di. . from.* 

Dilate lat . . carry .  .  .  .di-  . apart." 

Dilute lut ■ .  wash  , .  .  .di- . apart.'^ 

Dishevel sJievel  {chevel) .  .hair. .  .  .di-  .apart.*^ 

Disperse spers  (sjjai'S)  ■  .scatter. .  .  .di.  .apart.^ 

Distant stant-  .standing. . .  .di.  .apart.' 

Diverge vevff .  .tend,  go.  . .  .di- . apart. ^ 

Diversion vers .  . turn ....  iofl ■  ■  ing . .  .  .di. . from. 

Divert veTt-  .turn. . .  .di.  .from. 

*  The  term  decline,  as  used  in  grammar-,  originated  with  a  device  for  presenting  to  the 
eye  the  six  cases  of  the  Latin  noun.  Six  converging  lines  were  employed,  beginning  with 
a  vertical  line  for  the  nominative  case  called  hence  the  casus  rectus,  or  up- 
right case.  The  other  cases,  the  genitive,  the  dative,  the  accusative,  the 
vocative  and  the  ablative,  were  represented  as  in  the  accompanying  figure 
by  lines  of  progressively  increasing  inclination,  and  were  hence  called  the 
oblique  cases.  Hence  to  decline  a  noun  is  to  give  the  cases  in  succession 
passing  down  the  leaning  lines. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  47 

='  When  a  speaker  digress'es  he  goes  aside  from  his  subject 
CO  notice  something  suggested  in  connection  with  it. 
Thy  noble  shape  is  but  a  form  of  wax, 
Digressing  from  the  valor  of  a  man.  —  Shakespeare. 

"  The  pupil  of  a  cat's  eye  is  dilat'ed  (or  carried  apart)  in  the 
I. ark. 

Here,  there,  he  points  his  threatening  front,  to  suit 

His  first  attack,  wide  waving  to  and  fro 

His  angry  tail;  red  rolls  his  eye's  dilated  glow.— Byron. 

'^  Milk  is  sometimes  dilut'ed,  or  made  thin,  by  putting  water 

into  it  (thus  washing  apart  its  substance,  as  it  were). 

^  Disheveled  hair  is  hair  flying  apart. 

^  My  lord,  our  army  is  dispersed'  already: 
Like  youthful  steers  unyoked,  they  take  their  courses 
East,  west,  north,  south;  or,  like  a  school  broke  up, 
Each  hurries  towards  his  home  and  sporting  place.— 5/*ai<'j/^arc. 

''  Places  are  dis'ta?it  from  each  other  when   they   startd  wide 

apart. 

Now  rings  the  woodland  loud  and  long. 

The  distance  takes  a  lovelier  hue, 

And  drowned  in  yonder  living  blue 

The  lark  becomes  a  sightless  song. —  Tennyson. 

'Tis  distance  lends  enchantment  to  the  view, 

And  clothes  the  mountain  in  its  azure  hue.  —  Campbell. 

s  Diverging  lines  tend  apart  from  a  common  point. 


2)i=day. 

JJiaX al.. belonging  to di..  (the)  day.'' 

Diary ft^^'U ■  ■  that    which     (reports    the) . . .  .di. . day. 

l>iurnal di .  .  day uviuil . .  ly. 

Meridian . .  .  uteri  {niedi) . .  middle  (mid) di. . day  . . . 

a7l.  .(line).^ 

[Sine  die]. . . .sine . . without di.- day.** 


48  iVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  The  di' all's,  an  instrument  which  shows   the    hour  of  day 
by  the  position  of  the  sun's  shadow. 

Taste,  like  the  silent  dial's  power, 

That  when  supernal  light  is  given, 
Can  measure  inspiration's  hour. 

And  tell  its  height  in  heaven.  —  Campbell. 

^  The  merid'iafi  is  a  line  due  north  and   south   (that  line  om 
which  the  sun  is  at  noon,  or  7nid-day). 

By  the  brook  the  shepherd  dines; 

From  the  fierce  tueridian  heat 
Shelter'd  by  the  branching  pines, 

Pendant  o'er  his  grassy  seat. — Cu7tningkam. 

°  When  the  legislature  adjourns  si'ne  di'e  it  adjourns  perma- 
nently (or  without  any  day  for  meeting  again). 

X)fe= through,  between,  across. 

Diadem (a  crown  or  fillet) ....  ileni  ■  ■  bound  ....  diet 

.  .across  (the  forehead,  or  around  the  brows).'' 
X>iagonal al. . that    which     (goes)  .... dia .  ■  through 

.  .  .  .(jon,-  .(the)  corner(s).^' 
Diagram (a  drawing  made  by  lines) ....  ffram{7¥i) . . 

written.  .  .  .dia.  .through  or  across  (each  other). 
2>*alogue lof/ue . .  speaking dia  ■  ■  between      (or 

among,  two  or  more  persons). 
7>ia meter (the  line  which) ....  meter  ■  .  measure(s) .... 

(the  circle) ....  dia  . .  through,  or  across. 
Diaphragm (the) — jjhraf/m. . .  fenje. .  . .  dia  ■  ■  through 

(the  body  and  situated  between  the  chest  and  abdomen).*^ 

^  Mont  Blanc  is  the  monarch  of  mountains: 
They  crowned  him  long  ago 
On  a  throne  of  rocks,  in  a  robe  of  clouds. 
With  a  di'adem  of  snow. — Byron. 

Delve  we  there  for  richer  gems 

Than  the  stars  of  diadems — Montgomery. 


WHAT  wuRDS  SAY.  49 

**  A  diag'onal  is  a  straight  line  passing  through  the  opposite 
corners  of  a  square  or  other  four-sided  figure. 

'^  The  di'aphragm  is  a  large  muscular  membrane  extending 
through  the  interior  of  the  body  and  forming  a  complete 
fence  between  the  thorax  or  upper  cavity  and  the  abdomen  or 
lower  cavity.* 


X)ic#=  speak,  say,  tell. 

ContrSidict diet. . speak contra .  .against.* 

Diction diet,  .speak.  .  . .  ion  .  .ing^ 

Dictionary (f>'U-  -that  which  (treats  the  words   used 

in) ... .  diet .  .  speak   . .  .  iotl .  .  ing."^ 

Edict diet .  . speak  . . .  .e. . out. '' 

Indict diet,  .say,  declare in  .  .in.® 

Frcdict pre .  .  fore ....  diet . .  tell.*" 

Verdict diet,  .tell ver.  .(the)  truth.^ 

[Addicted]. diet,  .said    (condemned). .  .  .ad.  .unto.* 

[Interdict'] diet . .  say ....  iiitet' . .  between. ' 

*  We  thwart  the  Deity,  and  'tis  decreed, 
Who  thwart  his  will  shall  co)itradict'  their  own. —  Young. 
Read  not  to  contradict  and  confute,  nor  \o  believe  and  take    for  granted, 
nor  to  find  talk  and  discourse,  but  to  weigh  and  consider. — Bacon. 

^  Sense,  by  studious  thought  refin'd, 
Critic  taste  with  candor  join'd, 
Strong  discernment,  just  and  clear, 
Graceful  die  tion,  truth  severe, 
Piety's  seraphic  flame 
Mark  enlighten'd  Johnson's  name! — Lady  Manners. 


e 


A  dic'tionary  is  that  which  gives  an  account  of  words,  the 
elements  of  speech  {speaking). 

*  This  great  muscle  pumps  in  and  out  all  the  air  used  by  the  body.     It  is  therefore,  like 

the  heart,  constantly  at  work. 
4 


50  l^VBA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

''  A  royal  e'di'c^  is  an  order  promulgated  (or  spoken  out)  by 
the  king. 

Alas  !  poor  Caledonia's  mountaineer. 

That  want's  stern  edict  e'er,  and  feudal  grief, 

Had  forced  him  from  a  home  he  loved  so  dear! — Campbell. 

'^  To  indict'  (pr.  indite)  a  person  is  to  appoint  {declare  in)  his 
trial  on  the  basis  of  evidence  presumed  to  be  sufficient  to  con- 
vict. 

He  whose  blind  thought  futurity  denies, 

Unconscious  bears,  Bellerophon!  like  thee, 

His  own  indictment:  he  condemns  himself: 

Who  reads  his  bosom,  reads  immortal  life. —  Young. 

^  The  prophet  predicts'  {fore-tells  or  tells  before)  what  is  to 
come  to  pass  in  the  future. 

°  The  ver' diet  of  a  jury  is  that  which  they  find  (and  say)  to 
be  the  truth  as  to  the  matter  on  trial. 

''  One  is  addict  'ed  to  a  practice  when  he  follows  it  slavishly 
(as  if  by  the  command,  or  speaking  unto.,  of  one  having 
authority). 

'  To  interdict'  is  to  impose  a  prohibition  (a  saying,  or  com- 
mand, that  comes  between  the  individual  and  some  act  or 
thing). 

Sternly  He  pronounced 

The  rigid  inttrdiction,  which  resounds 

Yet  dreadful  in  mine  ear. — Milton. 

He  ate  the  interdicted  fruit  and  fell. — Pollok. 

J)is  =  ap3.rt. 

Discuss cuss  (qiiass) . .  shake dls . . apart.^ 

THsm'iss miss . .  send ....  dis .  ■  apart  (or  away). 

Dispel ^>e^ . .  drive ....  dis . .  apart. 

Dispose   ^>os . .  place ....  dis  ■  ■  apart. "^ 

Disrupt vupt . .  break ....  dis .  .  apart. 

Dissect sect.  .cut. . . .  dis.  .apart. 


fVB-A  r  WORDS  SA  Y.  51 

Dist&rid tend .  .  stretch ....  (lis  ■  ■  apart. 

Distnrh turh .  . crowd dis ■  ■  apart. 

^  To  discuss'  a  question  is,  as  it  were,  to  s/iake  it  a/>art,  and 

thus  get  into  its  merits. 

But  is  it  fit,  or  can  it  bear  the  s/ioci 
Of  rational  discussion  ? — Coivpcr. 

^  To  dispose'  troops    for  battle    is  to  place  them   in   proper 

order.    'To  dispose  of  one's  time  is  to  place  it  apart  for  certain 

purposes. 

*  Dis  =  un,   not. 

Dissirm. to  take  away  weapons  {tm-arm)^ 

Disclose to    reveal    (like    opening,    or    un-closiiig,    a 

box).'' 

Disease sickness  (that  which  is  uol  ease). 

Disgust dis . .  not gust  {f/o  ust) . .  taste. "^ 

Ui^'interested. .  ..nol  (selfishly)  interested.''' 

Disparage ar/e .  .  make dis . .  .un ^^af . .  equal. ' 

Display dis . .  un pli . .  fold.^ 

Uisplease to  offend  {not please). 

"Yet  still,  even  here,  content  can  spread  a  charm, 
Redress    the  clime,  and  all  its  rage  disarin  . —  Goldsmith. 

'^  Maiden,  buy  my  pretty  roses. 

Bright  as  those  your  cheek  discloses. —  The  Flower  Girl's  Song. 

No  farther  seek  his  merits  to  disclose. 

Or  draw  his  frailties  from  their  dread  abode: 

(There  they  alike  in  trembling  hope  repose). 
The  bosom  of  his  Father  and  his  God. — Gray. 

•=  We  feel  disgust'  for  food  which  is  //<?/ pleasant  to  our  taste. 

^ K  disinterested actXovi.  is  one  not  influenced  by  se\i-interest. 

^  To  disparage  the  skill  of  a  workman  is  to  make  light  of  it 
(and  thus  tend  to  make  him  appear  unequal  to  others). 

''The  merchant  displays  his  goods  by  imf aiding  them  to  the 
view  of  his  customers. 


52  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Du,  duo— two. 

J>wbious in    doubt    (having   the  mind    running  two 

ways). 

Duet music  for  fwo  singers  or  performers. 

Duel a  battle  between  iltao  persons. 

Duplex two _/>?c^x . .  fold. 

J>?f plicate two. . .  .jdiv ■  .fold  ....  ate.  .ed. 

X>0/fble two . .  .  .pi  ( plus) . .  full ....  (/7£'/^^-full). 

Doilht to  have  the  mind  running  two  ways. 

■■  > 
[X>*(Odecimal]  .  .  .al.  .  belonging    to ...  .  duo . .  two  (and) .... 

decilil ten. 


Due,   (Iuct=\e3i6. 

Abduct lead ....  ah . .  away. 

Conduct lead ....  con^ .  .with. 

Deduct lead  (or  take) ....  de. .  from. 

Ductile* capable   of  being  /ed  (or   drawn)  out  into 

wire. 

Induct lead  ....  la . .  into.^" 

Duhe a  general  (or  leader)}' 

Induce lead  ....  in .  .  into.*^ 

Introduce lead  ....  intvo. .  within. '^ 

deduce lead . .  .  .ve. . back.* 


e 


^  To  induct'  one  into  office  is  to  lead  him  into  it  with  appro- 
priate ceremonies. 

^  In  England  a  duke  is  the  highest  order  of  nobility  below 
the  rank  of  prince.     The  term  meant  originally  a /^a^/^r. 

'^  To  induce'  one  to  enter  into  an  undertaking  is  to  lead  him 
into  it. 


*  What  are  the  sorrows  of  the  young  !  Their  growing  minds  soon  close  above  the 
wound — their  elastic  spirits  soon  rise  beneath  the  pressure— their  green  and  due' tile  affec- 
tions soon  twine  round  new  objects. — Irving. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  53 

^  A  supply  of  gas  or  water  is  introduced'  into  a  building  by 
leading  it  in  by  means  of  pipes. 

"  To  reduce'  a  dislocation  or  fracture  is  to  lead  (or  put)  the 
parts  back  into  place. 


J^=OUt. 

iJdition ilit.  -give   .  . .  ion  .  .ing e .  .out.^ 

JiJducate   .... f^^itc . .  lead  ....€..  out.'' 

Elapse lapa.  .slip.  ...€•.  .out.^ 

i/levate levcit . .  lift . .  . .  f? . . out  (or  up). 

_EJ licit licit,  .entice. .  .  .e.  .out.'' 

E  ligible e. .  out ....  Hg  (lef/) .  ■  choose .... ible . . able. 

jEJlope l02>-  -run.  .  .  .e.  .out  (or  away). 

JE'maciate ....  ate ■  ■  make ....  iiiffci ■  ■  leanness . .  .  .e. . out. 

JE'merge nievg .  . plunge  (or  come) . . .  .e.  . out.^' 

Enormous .  . . .OUS .  ■  being .  .  .  .e.  . out  (of) ....  noviil . . rule, 
l^radicate ....  ate ■  ■  take . . .  .e. . out  (by  the) . .  radic* . .  root. 
Emigrate  ....  niigvat\ ■  ■  wander .  . .  .e.  . out. 
CJminent niitl.  .project.  .  .  .ent.  .  ing.  .  .  .e.  .out.^ 

^  An  edi'tion  of  a  book  is  the  number  printed  {given  out)  at 
one  publication. 

^  To  ed'ucate  a  child  is  to  lead  out  (cause  the  growth  of)  his 
faculties  and  powers. 

'^  Here,  as  I  take  my  solitary  rounds, 
Amidst  thy  tangling  walks  and  ruin'd  grounds, 
And,  many  a  year  elapsed' ,   return  to  view 
Where  once  the  cottage  stood,  the  hawthorn  grew. 
Remembrance  wakes  with  all  her  busy  train, 
Swells  at  my  breast,  and  turns  the  past  to  pain. — Goldsmith. 

^  A  lawyer  sometimes  elic'its  [entices  out)  testimony  from  an 
unwilling  witness. 

*  A  radicaX  change  is  one  that  goes  to  the  root  of  the  matter. 

t  Migratory  birds  wander  from  clime  toclime  with  the  change  of  the  seasons. 


-5"4  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

*  I  wake  emer'ging  from  a  sea  of  dreams. —  Young. 
^  High  on  a  throne  of  royal  state  which  far 
Outshone  the  wealth  of  Ormus  and  of  Ind, 
Or  where  the  gorgeous  East  with  richest  hand 
Showers  on  her  kings  barbaric  pearl  and  gold, 
Satan  exalted  sat,  by  merit  raised 
To  that  bad  em'inence. — Milton. 

Efface ef. .  (take)  out   . .  .face. .  (the)   face,  appear- 
ance.'^ 

Effect frrt  {fact)  ■ .  make ef..  out." 

JE^Yeminate ....  ate  ■  ■  made ....  ef.  ■  out    (or  thoroughly)    . . . 
fem  //I* . .  woman. '^ 

Effervesce ese . .  begin  to . . .  .few . .  boil ....  ef. .  out. 

J^ficient fie  (fae)  ■  ■  make,    do ieuf  ■ .  ing ef. . 

out/' 

.Effrontery ef'f/-  .act  of . .  .  .froJit.   forehead,  face  (ing) 

. . .  .e.  .out.'' 

Jiyfulgent fifff/-  .shine.  .  .  .ent.  -ing.  .  .  .ef.  .out.*' 

^To  efface'  an  inscription  is  to   remove  (or  take  it  out)  from 

the  face  of  the  tablet  or  other  thing  on  which  it  appears. 
'"  To  effect'  an  object  is  to  »iake  out  its  accomplishment. 
"  Sardanapa'lus,  king  of  Assyria,  was  an  illustrious  example 

of    the  effem'inate    man    and    sovereign.      He    abstained  from 

manly  pursuits,  spent  his  time  in  his  palace  with  women,  and 

entered  into  their  occupations  of  knitting  and  fancy  work  (as 

if   his    nature    had    been    changed    through6'«/   to    that  of    a 

woman). \ 

*  They"f«//«ine  gender  denotes  \^e.  female  (or  ivoman')  se.x. 

t  History  relates  that  Sardanapalus  was  the  heir  of  thirty  generations  of  luxurious  and 
indolent  Assyrian  monarchs  ;  from  which  it  would  appear  that  he  was  only  followir.'^  on 
a  scale  of  refined  magnificence  the  traditions  of  his  predecessors.  Although  a  devotee 
to  this  life  of  effeminate  lu.xury,  Sardanapalus  nevertheless  aroused  himself  when  Nin- 
eveh, his  capital  city,  was  attacked  by  Arbaces,  the  rebel  governor  of  Media,  and  made 
for  it  a  vigorous  defense.  But  his  life  of  voluptuous  ease  had  unfitted  him  and  his 
people  for  the  stern. pursuits  of  war,  and  Nineveh  fell.  The  lu.xurious  monarch  would 
not  submit  to  capture.     He  set  fire  to  his  palace  and  perished  in  its  magnificent  ruins. 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  55 

^  An  efi'cient  person  is  one  who  makes  out,  or  accomplishes, 
what  he  undertakes. 

"^^  One  displays  effront'ery  in  maintaining  or  facing  out  a 
\vrong  or  impudent  position. 

^  Not  a  breeze 
Flies  o'er  the  meadow,  not  a  cloud  imbibes 
The  setting  sun's  efful'gence,  not  a  strain 
From  all  the  tenants  of  the  warbling  shade 
Ascends,  but  whence  his  bosom  can  partake 
Fresh  pleasure  unreproved. — Akenside. 


El,  ell=\\tt\Q. 

yiovel little. .  .   hot^  {hof'Y .  .house. 

Jewel.    little. . .  .Jeiv  {Jen),  .joy,  trinket.* 

Kerne/- .  , //tt/e  corn  (or  seed). 

Label little ....  fab  {i((pp)  ■  ■  shred,  piece.'' 

Lape/ /itt/e  lap  (or  turn  over). 

Mode? little. .  .  .mod.  .measure,  standard. 

Morse? little.  .  .  .mors,  .bite.*" 

[  little  . .  .  .pann\  ■  ■  cloth,  piece.'' 

Panne? ) 

Pomme? little _/>o>J^.  .apple.'' 

Satche? iittle  ....  safcJt  (sacc) . .  sack  or  bag.'' 

Sorre? (a)  little.  .  .  .soor.  .sear,  withered. « 

Trowe?   little. .  .  .tril . .  ladle. 

Tunne? little.  .  .  .ftinn  .  .tun,  cask.'' 

Umhrella little.  . .  .tdiibi'.  .shade. 

*  Midst  furs  and  silks  and  Jeio'els  sheen 
He  stood  in  simple  Lincoln  green, 
The  centre  of  the  glittering  ring 
And  Snowdoun's  Knight  is  Scotland's  King  ! — Scott. 

*  Hoffxa^x^  means  the  man  of  the  house. 

t  A  window /(z«t'  was  originally  a  rag  (or  piece  of  cloth)  put  in  to  shut  out  the  wind. 
A  pau'tt  is  an  article  (often  a  cloth  garment)  pledged  for  the  repayment  of  money. 


56  IVHA  T  WORDS  sA  Y. 

Good  name  in  man  and  woman,  dear  my  lord, 

Is  the  immediate  y^w^/ of  their  souls. — Shakespeare. 

What  sought  they  thus  afar  ? 

Yinghl  Jewels  of  the  mine. 
The  wealth  of  seas,  the  spoils  of  war  ? 

No;  'twas  a  faith's  pure  shrine. — Mrs.  Hemans. 

"The  druggist  uses  many  labels  (little  shreds  or  pieces  of 
paper,    on  which   are   written   or  printed   the   names    of   his 

wares). 

•=  Hard  is  the  fate  of  the  infirm  and  poor  ! 
«  Here,  as  I  crav'd  a  mor'sel  oi  their  bread, 

A  pamper'd  menial  drove  me  from  the  door 
To  seek  a  shelter  in  an  humbler  shed. — Moss. 

°  A  pan' el  in  a  door  is  a  little  piece  put  in.  A  ]\\vy  panel  is  a 
list  of  jurors  (written  on  a  little  piece  of  paper). 

^^\\Q  pummel  of  a  saddle  was  originally  a  small  knob  (sug- 
gestive of  a  little  apple), 

^  And  then  the  whining  schoolboy,  with  his  satchel 
And  shining  morning  face,  creeping  like  snail 
Unwillingly  to  school. — Shakespeare. 

s  Sor'rel  is  a  light  reddish  color  (like  that  of  slightly  withered 
leaves  in  autumn). 

''  A  tunnel  is  an  underground  channel  or  passage  with  an 
arched  roof.  So  called  from  its  resemblance  to  the  tunnel 
used  in  trapping  partridges.  This  was  an  arched  tube  of 
wire,  strengthened  at  intervals  by  hoops,  and  therefore  sug- 
gestive of  the  great  tuns  or  long  wine  casks  in  the  cellars. 


El—t\\cit  which. 

Barrel that  which  is  made  of  bars  (or  staves). 

Chisel that  which  ....  chis  {cms) . .  cut(s). 

Flannel that  which  (is  made  of ) .  .  .  .flan  (f/wlan). 

wool. 
Fuc^. that  which  (goes  on  the) . . .  .feu . .  fire. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  57 

Kenne? that  which  (holds) ....  ken*  • .  (the)  dog. 

Or'\el that  which  (is  adorned  with) ....  ov\ . .  gold.^ 

Quarrel that  (in)  which  (people). .  .  .qiieV-  .complain, 

dispute. 

Sorre? that  which  is  soiir.^ 

Squirr^?? that  which  (has  the) .  .  .  .squi  (sk/l)  ■  .shadow 

{u)r.  .tail. 

Swivel that  which   .  .  .swif.  .moves  quickly. 

^  An  o'r/e/  is  a  recess  containing  a  window.     Originally  it 

meant  a  small  room  decorated  with  go/d  leaf. 

''  Sor'rel  is  a  plant  that  has  a  very  sour  taste. 

'  The  squirrel  poising  on  the  drift, 
Erect,  alert,  his  broad  gray  tail 
Set  to  the  north  wind  like  a  sail. —  IVhittier. 

Eqti  {(equ)  =^equd\. 

Eqtial 

Jilq uia.ng;u\a.r.  .  .having  equal  angles. 

J5J(/i/ilateral ...  .al. . having .  . . eqil . . equal . . . later .  .^ide(s). 

jEJo"** ilibrium  . .  .  equal ....  libi'l . .  balance ....  itttii .  .  ing. 

JEquinox equal  (day  and). . .  .^lOX.  .night.^ 

^g'?f  ivalent ....  of  equal  value. 

Equity equal ....  ittf .  ■  ness." 

\niqii\ty ity . .  that  which  (is) ....  in . .  not ....  equ . . 

equal  (or  just). 

[-E^Q"?*ipoise].. .  .equal. . .  .pois.  .weight,  balance.*^ 
[Equation]  ....  made  of  equals. 

^  The  vernal  and  autumnal  e'quinoxes  are  the  times  when  the 
days  and  nights  are  of  equal  length. § 

*  Prairie  du  Chien  means  the  Prairie  of  the  Dogs. 

tThe  oriole  is  the  golden  robin. 

X  To  &t.libera.\.t  is  to  weigh  or  balance  a  matter  carefully  in  the  mind. 

§  The  equinoc'tial  line  is  the  celestial  equator  or  great  circle  of  the  celestial  sphere  coin- 
ciding with  the  earth's  equator.     It  is  when  the  sun  is  on  this  line  (as  it  is  twice  in  each 


58  IV//A  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  Equity  is  an  impartial  distribution  of  justice  (or  equal- 
ness).  A  court  of  equity  as  distinguished  from  a  court  of  law 
is  a  tribunal  in  which  are  tried  and  determined  a  certain 
class  of  cases  that  could  not  properly  come  before  the  regular 
courts.* 

« Our  little  lives  are  kept  in  equipoise 

By  opposite  attractions  and  desires: 
The  struggle  of  the  instinct  that  enjoys, 

And  the  more  noble  instinct  that  aspires. — Longfellow. 


ET=^or\Q  who. 
Archer are . .  bow er..  (man). 


a 

b 


Barber baf'h . .  beard er  ■  ■  (dresser). 

Draper drop,  .cloth er-  . (dealer). ° 

Harbinger harbinff  {he  rher  g) .  .lodging. .  ..er.. 

(seeker).'' 

Plumber j)lumJ} . . lead er . .  (worker). 

Rove>' rov  (roov).  .rob er.  .er.^ 

Skipper oft(^  ii^'ho  commands  a  ship.^ 

Stoker .sf o/t- . .  stick  (or  poker) .  .    ,  er . .  (user).^ 

Usher \is1i  {iiss)  ■  ■  door  ....er..  (keeper). 


h 


vear)  that  the  time  of  equal  days  and  nights  occurs.    Violent  storms  often  occur  about  the 
;iine  of  the  equinoxes,  and  are  called  eqtiinoctial  storms. 

For  ease  the  harass'd  seaman  prays, 
When  equinoctial  tempests  raise 

The  Cape's  surrounding  vfaM^s.—Hastzngs. 

As,  when  far  off  at  sea,  a  fleet  descried, 
Hang's  in  the  clouds,  by  equinoctial  winds 
Close  sailing  from  Bengala,  or  the  isles 
Of  Ternate  and  Tidor,  whence  merchants  bring 
Their  spicy  drugs  — Milton. 

Farewell;  and  oh!  where'er  thy  voice  be  tried, 

On  Torno's  cliffs,  or  Pambamarca's  side, 

Whether  where  equinoctial  fervours  glow, 

Or  winter  wraps  the  polar  world  in  snow, 

Still  let  thy  voice   prevailing  over  time. 

Redress  the  rigors  of  the  inclement  clime. — Goldsmith. 

*  Justice  is  represented  with  scales  trying  to  get  the  balance  equal.      And  to  keep  her 
.tention  solely  on  the  uiei,i;ht  (or  merits)  she  is  represented  blindfolded. 


WHAT  jyO/^DS  SAV.  59 

*An  ar'cher  is  one  who  shoots  with  the  bow. 

Oh!  many  a  shaft  at  random  sent 

Finds  mark  the  archer  little  meant, 

And  many  a  word  at  random  spoken 

May  soothe  or  wound  a  heart  that's  broken. — Scott. 

^h.  bar'ber  cuts  and  dresses  the  beard  and  hair. 

■^  I  am  a  \\x\&n-dra per  bold. — Cowper. 
^K  har'binger  is  a  forerunner  (like  him  who  ran  before  to 
secure  lodgings  for  his  master). 

Now  the  bright  morning  star,  day's  harbinger. 
Comes  dancing  from  the  East. — Milton. 

*A  rov'er  is  a  pirate  (or  sea-r<7^ber). 

''And  the  skip' per  had  taken  his  little  daughter, 
To  bear  him  company. — Longfellow. 

^A  stoker  is  the  fireman   of  an   engine  {one  who  frequently 
stirs  up  the  fire  with  a  poker,  or  stick). 

•^  Thou  ling'ring  star,  with  less'ning  ray, 

That  lov'st  to  greet  the  early  morn,  , 

Again  thou  ush'erst   in  the  day 

My  Mary  from  my  soul  was  torn. — Burns. 


'ET—V\\'\^  which. 

Boulder that  which  (is  like  a) . .  .  .boul.  .ball.^ 

Breakd' the  wave  that  breaks  on  the  shore. '^' 

Corne/' that  which  (is  pointed,  like  a) . .  . .  coi'fl . . horn. 

Fettet' that  which  goes  on  the  foot.*  ^ 

Halse*'     )  ...that    which     (passes    through    the) ...  .Jials.  ■ 
Hawse/'  )  neck  (of  a  vessel).*^ 

hedgpf that  which. . .  .led (J  (l^f/f/)  ■  .lie(s  on  the  desk).'^ 

Quarter that  which  (is  one) ....  quart,  .fourth. 

Sewer that  which.  .  .  .sew .  .drain(s). 

Tester that  which  (goes  at  the) ....  ^e.s^f  . .  head.*^ 

*Theys'/lock  of  a  horse  is  the  lock  near  the  foot. 

+  A  testy  person  is  one  who  is  casilv  annoyed  (or   \vit-/u-<ii/ei/). 


60  WHAT  WORDS  SAY. 

^A  boul'de?-  is  a  large  stone  worn  smooth  by  the  action  of 
water  and  shaped  somewhat  like  a  ball.  (Also  spelled  bowlder.)^ 

^  From  a  boy 

I  wanton'd  with  thy  break' ers — they  to  me 
Were  a  delight;  and  if  the  freshening  sea 
Made  them  a  terror — 'was  a  pleasing  fear. — Byron. 

'^  Fet'ters  are  placed  upon  the  feet  of  men  or  animals  to 
hamper  their  movements  and  thus  prevent  escape. 

''A  hat ser  or  haw  ser  is  a  large  rope  used  for  securing  a  ves- 
sel. It  passes  out  near  the  bow  (hence  at  the  7ieck)  of  the 
vessel. 

•^  The  ledg'er  is  the  book  which  serves  as  the  index  to  all  the 
matter  comprised  in  a  set  of  books  of  account.  As  it  is  a 
large  book,  not  easily  handled,  it  usually  lies  in  its  place  on 
the  desk.  - 

'^A  test'er  is  a  flat  canopy  or  covering  suspended  over  a  pul- 
pit or  bed  (and  therefore  covering  the  head). 

^f=that  which. 

Basket that  which  (is)  ....  base .  .  plait(ed). 

Comet that  which  (has) ....  com . .  long  hair.* 

Cricked' the  "  creaker." 

Garret that  which  ....  fffiv .  .  protect(s).'* 

Linnet (the  bird)  that  (feeds  upon) .  .  .  .lln.  .flax. 

Pallet pall  {pa ill)  ■  .straw. . .  .et-  ■  (bed).'' 

Planed plan,  .wander. . .  .et.  .er.'' 

^  The  tail  of  a  com'et  has  been  compared  to  long,  flowing  hair. 

*  Boulders  are  stones  that  have  become  imbedded  in  icebergs  or  glaciers  in  the  region 
of  the  formation  of  those  masses  of  ice.  The  grinding  to  which  the  stone  is  subjected  in 
the  various  movements  of  the  ice  mountain  or  stream  gives  it  its  spherical  form.  It  may 
be  released  and  finally  deposited  thousands  of  miles  from  its  parent  cliff.  The  grand  banks 
of  Newfoundland  have  been  formed  entirely  of  stones  delivered  by  icebergs,  regularly 
arriving  from  the  polar  seas,  and  dissolving  on  reaching  the  warmer  latitudes.  The  sur- 
face of  the  earth  is  largely  strewn  with  boulders  formed  and  distributed  during  the  glacial 
period.  It  is  no  unusual  thing  to  see  in  the  Western  States  a  farm  of  alluvial  soil  supplied 
with  boulders  for  building  purposes  delivered  by  glaciers  from  a  quarry  thousands  of 
miles  away  toward  the  frozen  pole. 


IV HA  T  WO  EDS  SA  V.  61 

**  A  gar' ret  is  the  highest  room  (like  a  high  protecting  watch- 
tower). 

=  Whjen  reposing  that  night  on  my  pal' let  of  straw, 

By  the  wolf-scaring  fagot  that  guarded  the  slain, 
At  the  dead  of  the  night  a  sweet  vision  I  saw, 

And  thrice  ere  the  morning  I  dreamt  it  again. — Campbell. 

^  The  plan' ets,  unlike  the  fixed  stars,  change  their  positions 
in  the  heavens,  and  are  therefore  called  wanderers. 

Then  felt  I  like  some  watcher  of  the  skies 

When  a  nevi  planet  swims  into  his  ken. — Keats. 

She  saw  this  planet  like  a  star. 

Hung  in  the  depth  of  even — 
Its  bridges  running  to  and  fro, 
O'er  which  the  white-winged  angels  go. 

Bearing  the  holy  dead  to  heaven. —  T.  B.  Aldrich. 

^^= little. 

Billed little ....  hill . .  writing  (or  note). 

Billed little ....  hiW .  .  log. 

Bulled little haul . . ball. 

Cabinet a  little  cabin  (or  house).* 

Corned little ....  com  ■  ■  horn. 

Goblet little ....  f/obel . .  cup." 

Latched little ....  latch  {laqs) . .  lace. 

Mallei a  little  mall. 

Packed a  little  package. 

Pulled little x^ull  {pO'Ul)\.  .hen. 

Turret little ....  tuvr  ■  ■  tower. 

*  A  cab'inet  was  originally  a  little  cabin,  or  house.  The  term 
is  now  applied  to  a  piece  of  furniture,  consisting  of  a  box  or 
chest,  with  drawers  and  doors  (suggesting  a  little  cabin);  also 

*  5///iards  is  a  game  played  upon  a  table  with  balls  and  a  stick  {little  log). 
t  Poultry  comprises  the  hens  and  other  fowls  of  the  farm-yard. 


62  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

to  a  closet  or  small  apartment.  Hence,  also,  to  the  private 
council  of  a  ruler  or  executive  officer,  which  originally  met  in 
1  cabinet,  or  small^  apartment. 

Lo  !  here  the  gentle  lark,  weary  of  rest, 
From  his  moist  cabinet  mounts  up  on  high, 

And  wakes  the  morning,  from  whose  silver  breast 
The  sun  ariseth  in  his  majesty. — Shakespeare. 

*'Hovv  sweet  from  the  green  mossy  brim  to  receive  it. 

As  poised  on  the  curb  it  inclined  to  my  lips  ! 
Not  a  full  blushing  ^(7iJ 7^/  could  tempt  me  to  leave  it. 
The  brightest  that  beauty  or  revelry  sips. 

—  Woodiuorth  ("The  Old  Oaken  Bucket"). 

-K»aggerate. .  fite  .  .  make   (a) . . . .  ar/f/er  . .  heap  ....  eac . .  ou\ 

(of  a  little  matter). 
/!,V;»?crescence  .ci'esc  ■  ■  grow ....  euce     ing ....  ex.  ■  out.* 

Jixcuse (take)  out  (of) . . .  .cciiis.  .charge,  complaint. ** 

JExecute {s)ectit . .  follow   . . .  ex . .  out.*^ 

XJxhale hal .  ■  breathe ....  ex .  .  out.  "^ 

jEJichaust Jiaiist .  .  drain ....  ex .  ■  out. 

Fxh.\hi\. Jiih it.  ■  hold ....  ex . . out. 

.EJachilarate. . .  Jiilcir . .  glad ....  ate . .  en . .  .  .  ex . .  out 

JE'i;chort hovt . .  encourage ....  ex .  .  out. 

Jibchume (take)  out  (of) .  .  .  .Jiuni* .  .(the)  ground. 

Exile out  (of). . .  .sol.  .soil,  land.' 


e 


''  A  wart  is  an  excres' cence  ingrowing  out  on  the  skin). 

*>  The  observant  mother  spake  with  gentle  voice 
Somewhat  of  soft  excuse' — that  they  were  wont 
To  linger  long  amid  the  Prophet's  school. 
Learning  the  holy  law  their  father  loved. — Mrs.  Sigoumey. 

*  A  Aw>«ble  apology  or  excuse  is  that  of  one  bending  low  (toward  the  ground). 

I  knew  by  the  smoke  that  so  gracefully  curled 
Above  the  green  elms,  that  a  cottage  was  near, 

And  I  said,  if  there's  peace  to  be  found  in  the  world, 
A  heart  th."t  is  humble  might  hope  for  it  here. — Moore. 


e 


WHAT  IVORDS  SAY.  63 

°A  weapon  that  comes  down  as  still 

As  snow-flakes  fall  upon  the  sod; 
But  executes  a  freeman's  will, 

As  lightning  does  the  will  of  God; 
And  from  its  force  nor  doors  nor  locks 

Can  shield  you;  'tis  the  ballot-box. — Pierpont. 

•^  Restless  it  rolls,  and  insecure, 
Trembling,  lest  it  grow  impure; 
Till  the  warm  sun  pities  its  pain, 
And  to  the  skies  exhales   it  back  again. 

—Marvel  ("  The  Drop  of  Dew"). 

An  ex  He  is  a  person  who  has  been  driven  out  of  his  native 
land  by  force  or  necessity. 

There  came  to  the  beach  a  poor  exile  of  Erin; 

The  dew  on  his  thin  robes  was  heavy  and  chill: 
For  his  country  he  sighed  when  at  twilight  repairing 

To  wander  alone  by  the  wind-beaten  hill.  —  Catnpbell. 

^^=out  (continued). 

Exit it.  .go ex.. out. 

^xist {s)ist.  .stand ejc..out.=* 

liJiCorbitant ant .  . going ex. . out  (of  the) . .  . orbit* 

. .  track,  range. '^ 

i'xpand    pand . . spread ex.  ■  out.'= 

^icpect {s)pect . . look ex. . out. 

Expectorate ate  .(discharge).  ..ex.  .out of pector 

.  .the  breast  (or  throat). 

EiiCpostulate postlllat.  .demand ex.  .out.'* 

liJxpound 2JOti/ . .  place ...   ex . .  out.*" 

ilJ.>cquisite (juisit  (qucesit) .  .sought ex..oviX..^ 

Exn\t salt . . leap  —  ex. . out.s 

"■  AH  the  world's  a  stage. 
And  all  the  men  and  women  merely  players; 
They  have  their  ex'its  and  their  entrances; 
And  one  man  in  his  time  plays  many  parts. — Shakespeare. 

*  The  eartJi's  ori//  is  its  irack  around  the  sun. 


64  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  An  exor'bitant  price  is  one  beyond  the  value  of  the  article 
on  which  it  is  fixed  (and  therefore  going  out  of  the  regular 
ratige). 

•^  No  flower  bells  that  expa7id'  and  shrink, 
Gleam  half  so  heavenly  sweet, 
As  shine  on  life's  untrodden  brink 
A  baby's  feet. — Swinburne. 

•^  To  expos' tiilate  with  one  is  to  reason  or  remonstrate  with 
him,  as  if  to  seek  {demand  out')  from  him  a  promise   of  reform. 

"  To  expound'  a  passage  of  Scripture  is  to  explain,  or  place  it 
out,  so  that  it  may  be  understood. 

^  Ex'quisite  things  are  eagerly  sought  out. 

Like  birds  quite  exquisite  of  note  and  plume. —  Young. 

^  To  exult'  is  to  rejoice  greatly  (have  the  feelings  leap  out  in 
very  gladness). 

JPacf=make,  do. 

Fact something  done  or  brought  to  pass. 

Factor fact,  .make,  do. . .  .or.  .er,  that  which. =^ 

Mfect fact,  .do af  {ad),  .toward,  (like).'' 

Confection ion.  .that  which  (is) fact,  .made  (up) 

....  con .  ■  together.'' 

De^fect lie.  .down  (or  un). .  .  .fact-  .made.'' 

Eifect fact . .  make ef  {ex) . .  out. 

Infect fact,  .make  (or  put) . .  .  .in.  .into.® 

Manu/Vf  r^ure lire . .  that    which  (is) . . .  fact .  ■  made .... 

U.  .hy man . . hand.* 

Perfect jJCf'  .  .  through,     thoroughly fact  . . 

made.^ 


*  All  kinds  of  manufacturing  require  some  use  of  the  skilled  human  hand.  Machines 
are  of  but  recent  invention,  and  up  to  their  appearance  the  making  of  thmgs  was  strictly 
handivior^i  requiring  long  apprenticeship.  The  best  work  is  still  done  by  hand;  and 
dealers  give  conspicuous  notice  when  an  article  is  /tand-m.a.Ae.  The  finest  handiwork  ia 
done  only  after  generations  of  practice,  when  skill  becomes  hereditary,  as  seen  m  the  deli, 
cate  handiwork  of  India  and  other  portions  of  the  world. 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  65 

*  The /ac'fors  of  a  number  are  the  quantities  which  multi- 
plied together  produce  {ma^e)  the  number.  A  factor  is  also 
an  agent  (or  doer  of  business  for  another). 

*»  Pride  often  guides  the  author's  pen, 
Books  as  affect' ed  axe  as  men. — Gay. 

"  A  confec'tion  is  a  sweetmeat  or  candy  {that  which  is  made  up 
together  of  sugar,  fruits,  etc.). 

^  A  defect'  in  a  piece  of  machinery  is  an  imperfect  (as  if  un- 
made)  feature. 

^  One  is  infect' ed  ^'ith  a  disease  when  it  i?, put  intohis  system. 

Lear.     You  nimble  lightnings,  dart  your  blinding  flames 
Into  her  scornful  eyes!     Infect  her  beauty, 
You  fen-suck'd  fogs,  drawn  by  the  powerful  sun, 
To  fall  and  blast  her  pride! — Shakespeare. 
^  Helvetia's  rocks,  Sabrina's  waves. 
Still  many  a  shining  pebble  bear; 
Where  oft  her  studious  hand  engraves 

Ihe perfect  form,  and  leaves  it  there. — Langhorne. 

Fare— go. 

Far eweli* May  it  go  well  with  you.^ 

V^acyfare^ One  who  goes  on  the  highway. 

Welfare go  {or  happen)  well. 

Wsivfare The  progress  {going  on)  of  war. 

Thorough/(*i'e A  way  (to  go)  through. 

Sea/aTing Going  on  the  sea. 

Fare The  price  of  traveling  {going)  also  food 

(as  for  a  traveller).^ 
Ferry A  place  for  going  across  a  stream.*^ 

♦The  expression  adieu'  means  I  commit   you  . . .«.  .to. .  .  .rfieit.  God.     Goodbye  is  a 
contraction  of  God  be  with  you. 

"Adieu.,  adiezi!  my  native  shore 
Fades  o'er  the  waters  blue; 
The  night-winds  sigh,  the  breakers  roar, 

And  shrieks  the  wild  sea-mew. 
Yon  sun  that  sets  upon  the  sea 

We  follow  in  his  night: 
Fare'Jvell  awhile  to  him  and  thee— 
My  native  land     Good  Night. — Byren. 

5 


66  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

*'Farewell'  my  friends!  farewell  my  foes! 
My  peace  with  these,  my  love  with  those — 
The  bursting  tears  my  heart  declare, 
Farewell  the  bonnie  banks  of  Ayr! — Burns. 

Absence  makes  the  heart  grow  fonder — 
Isle  of  Beauty,  fare  thee  %vell! — Bayley. 

**  So  on  he  fares  and  to  the  border  comes, 
Of  Eden,  where  delicious  Paradise, 
Now  nearer,  crowns  with  her  enclosure  green. 
As  with  a  rural  mound,  the  champain  head 
Of  a  steep  wilderness. — Milton. 

'^  And  by  my  word!  the  bonny  bird 
In  danger  shall  not  tarry; 
So,  though  the  waves  are  raging  white, 
I'll  row  you  o'er  the  fer'ry. —  Cat/if  dell. 

Fer   (/err)  =  carry,   bear. 

Circum/e^'ence  . .  .bear . .  .  eace  ■ .  ing ....  circiim  . .  around  ^ 

Confer bear  (or  bring) ....  eou  ■  •  together. 

Defer carry ....  de  {(lis) . .  apart  (or  forward  from 

the  present  time). 
Defer carry  (one's  self) ....  de  ■  •  down  ....  (to   the 

wish  of  another). 

D'lifer bear ....  dif  (dis)  ■  ■  apart.'' 

In/er bear  (or  bring) ....  in . .  in  (to  the  mind). 

Oifer carry  ....  of  (ob) . .  against  (or  towards). 

Prefer carry  (or  hold) .  .  .  .pre .  ■  before. '^ 

Proifer bear  (or  bring) . . .  .jyt'O .  ■  forward  (for  one's 

acceptance). 

"Refer bear  (or  turn) ....  re . .  back. 

Suifer .bear. . .  .suf  (sub) .  .under.'* 

Transfer carry ....  titans. .  across.* 


e 


"His  ponderous  shield 
Ethereal  temper,  massy,  large  and  round, 
Behind  him  cast;  the  broad  circum' ference 
Hung  on  his  shoulder,  like  the  moon — Milton. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  67 

•"  And  yet,  perhaps,  if  countries  we  compare, 

And  estimate  the  blessings  which  they  share, 

Though  patriots  flatter,  still  shall  wisdom  find 

An  equal  portion  dealt  to  all  mankind 

As  different  good,  by  art  or  nature  given. 

To  different  nations  makes  their  blessings  even.  —  Goldsmith. 

"  And  chiefly  thou,  O  Spirit,  that  dost  prefer 
Before  all  temples  the  upright  heart  and  pure  — Milton. 
^  Oh,  fear  not  in  a  world  like  this, 

And  thou  shalt  know  erelong. 
Know  how  sublime  a  thing  it  is 

To  suffer  and  be  strong. — Longfellow. 

"  The  cause  of  Truth  and  human  weal, 

O  God  above  ! 
Transfei-  it  from  the  sword's  appeal 
To  Peace  and  Love.  —  Campbell. 

Fid—i-dXxXi,'^  trust. 

Confide. trust   .  .  .  eotl  ■  ■  with  (or  in).^ 

Diifident dif  {dis) . .  dis . . .  .fid .  .  trust . .  .  .ent . .  ing.^ 

Fidelity fid ■ . faith el.  .inl ittf . . ness. 

Infidel ill . . not . . .  .fid ■ . faith   . .  .el.  ■  ful. 

Perfidy .fid..ia\th pei' ■  .a-Vjay    (or    less) y 

.  .  riess. 

*  Judge  before  friendship,  then  confide'  till  death. —  Young. 

''  A  diffident  person  is  one  who  is  distrustful  of  himself. 

The  present  scene,  the  future  lot. 

His  toils,  his  wants,   were  all  forgot, 

Cold  diffidence  and  age's  frost 

In  the  full  tide  of  song  were  lost. — Scott. 

♦We  must  be  free  or  die,  who  speak  the  tongue 
That  Shakespeare  spake  ;  \h&  faith  and  morals  hold 
Which  Milton  held. —  U'ordszvortk. 

Daughter  of  Faith  .'     awake,  arise,  illume 

The  dread  unknown,  the  chaos  of  the  tomb — 

Melt  and  dispel,  ye  spectre  doubts,  that  roll 

Cimmerian  darkness  on  the  parting  soul — 

Fly  like  the  moon-ey'd  herald  of  dismay, 

Chas'd  on  his  night-steed  by  the  star  of  day  ' — Camjibell. 

So  spake  the  seraph  Abdiel,  faithful  found 
Among  Xh^  faithless,  faithful  only  he. — Milton. 


68  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Fiil=end,    finish,    limit,    boundary. 

Final at  the  end. 

Finish make  an  e?id. 

Fine. well  finished  (ended).'^ 

Fine a  penalty  (that  e/ids  the  case). 

Finite having  an  end. 

Confine limit.  .  .  .con.  .with,  within.'' 

Define (to  put) . . .  .de  .down  . . .  .fin. .  (a)  limit. 

In^fi,ite in . .  not . .  .  .fin . .  end ....  ite . .  ed  (ing).'' 

Refine   finish ....  re . .  (over)  again. '^ 

Superfine SUJ^er . .  over  (or  extra) . .  .  .fin . .  finish  {fine). 

*To  all  the  rest,  however  yf«t-,  thou  gavest 
A  yfwishing  and  polish,  without  which 
No  man  e'er  entered  heaven. — Pollok. 

'°  The  confines  of  a  country  are  its  boundaries,  each  one  of 
which  is  common  with  that  of  a  neighboring  country.  To 
confine'  a  man  in  prison  is  to  limit  him  within  its  walls. 

'  What  a  piece  of  work  is  man  !  How  noble  in  reason  !  how  in'Jinite  in 
faculties  !  in  form  and  moving,  how  express  and  admirable  !  in  action, 
how  like  an  angel  !  in  apprehension,  how  like  a  god  ! — Shakespeare. 

Then  stirs  the  feeling  infinite,  so  felt 

In  solitude,  where  we  are  least  alone. — Byron. 

^  And  if  there  be  a  human  tear 

From  passion's  dross  refined'  and  clear, 

A  tear  so  limpid  and  so  meek. 

It  would  not  stain  an  angel's  cheek, 

'Tis  that  which  pious  fathers  shed 

Upon  a  duteous  daughter's  head  ! — Scott, 

To  gild  refined  gold,  to  paint  the  lily, 

To  throw  a  perfume  on  the  violet, 

To  smooth  the  ice,  or  add  another  hue 

Unto  the  rainbow,  or  with  taper-light 

To  seek  the  beautious  eye  of  heaven  to  garnish. 

Is  wasteful  and  ridiculous  excess.  —  Shakespeare. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  69 

Fii*ni=firm,   steadfast. 

Firm. 

Fil'mament the  heavens  (which  seem  io  firmly  upheld).^ 

\nfl}'ni ill ■ . not . . .  .firm . .  firm,  strong. ^ 

InfinnsLvy a  hospital  for  the  infirvi. 

Infirinity that  with  which  one  is  afflicted  (or  wfirm). 

Confirm (make)  firm    (or  steadfast) ....  cou . .  with.'' 

Aifirm to  make  a  firm  or  positive  assertion ....  af 

(ad) . .  to. 
Farm   a  possession  that  is  firm  (or  immovable). 

"  Again,  God  said,  "Let  there  h^  firmament 

Amid  the  waters,  and  let  it  divide 

The  waters  from  the  waters  !"  And  God  made 

The  fi)->?tat>ient,  expanse  of  liquid,  pure, 

Transparent,  elemental  air,  diffus'd 

In  circuit  to  the  uttermost  convex 

Of  this  great  round;  partition  yfr/«  and  sure, 

The  waters  underneath  from  those  above 

Dividing. — Milton. 

Be  still  a  symbol  of  immensity; 

A  firmament  reflected  in  a  sea. — Keats. 

^  The  way  was  long,   the  wind  was  cold, 
The  Minstrel  was  infirm'  and  old, 
His  wither'd  cheek  and  tresses  gray, 
Seem'd  to  have  known  a  better  day; 
The  Harp,  his  sole  remaining  joy. 
Was  carried  by  an  orphan  boy. — Scott. 

"^  But,  lovely  infidel,  how  now  ? 

What  clouds  thy  misbelieving  brow  ? 

Lord  James  of  Douglas,  lend  thine  aid: 

Thou  must  confirm'  this  doubting   maid. — Scott. 

_7<7o/'= flower,  bloom. 

Floral belonging  to  flotvers. 

Florist one  who  deals  in  floivers. 


70  .        IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 


St 


Forid* red  {like  a  blooming  flo^ver). 

l^?0/'ence bloom ....  etice . .  ng. 

Flora. the  goddess  of  flowers^ 

Floiver." 

Flourish ...to  dloom  (as  a  flower). 

*  In  yf^/zV  beauty  groves  and  fields  appear  ; 
Man  seems  the  only  growth  that  dwindles  here. — Goldsmith. 
Life's  gayest  scenes  speak  man's  mortality  ; 
Though  in  a  style  more  Jlorid,  full  as  plain 
As  mausoleums,  pyramids  and  tombs. —  Young. 
*•  'Tis  Flo'ra^s  page  ;  in  every  place, 
In  every  season  fresh  and  fair; 
It  opens  with  perennial  grace, 

And  blossoms  everywhere. — Montgomery. 
"  To  me  the  meanest  yfowifr  that  blows  can  give 
Thoughts  that  do  often  lie  too  deep  for  tears. —  Wordsworth. 

Fluid that  which  flows. 

Fluent .flowing  with  words. 

Affluent flow. . .  .ent.  .ing af  {ad) .  .to.* 

Con/f  if  ent flow ....  ent  ■  •  ing con . .  together. 

In/luence flow ....  ence . .  ing . .  .  .in. .  into. 

In/lux a  flowing  in. 

Superfluous super .  .over. . .  .flu.  .flow. . .  .ous.  .ing. 

[Ef^i/ence] flow. .  .  .ence.  .ing ef  {ex),  .out.'' 

^An  affluent  of  a  stream  flows  to  it.     An  af  fluent  "person  has 
Viea\.\\\  flowing  in  to  him. 

Children  of  affluence,  hear  a  poor  man's  pray'r: 
O  haste,  and  free  me  from  this  dungeon's  gloom  ! 

Let  not  the  hand  of  comfortless  despair 
Sink  my  gray  hairs  with  sorrow  to  the  tomb  ! 

— Hannah  More. 

*  Flor'xAaL  (the  "  Flowery  Land  ")  was  discovered   in  its  early  springtime  bloom,  and  or 
Easter,  the  feast  of  flowers.    These  circumstances  suggested  the  name. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  71 


• 


*•  Hail,  holy  Light,  offspring  of  heaven  first-born, 
Or  of  th'  eternal  coeternal  beam  ! 
May  I  express  thee  unblam'd  ?  since  God  is  light, 
And  never  but  in  unapproachfed  light 
Dwelt  from  eternity  ;  dwelt  then  in  thee, 
Bright  effluence  of  bright  essence  increate  ! — Milton. 


FOT17l^=ionn,  make,  shape. 

Conform shape cou.  .with."' 

Deform de. .  from  (or  out  of)  form. 

Inform to  relate  (and  thus  put  into  form). 

Reform form re.,  again. 

Trsinsforni make trans . . across  (or  over).* 

Uniform un . .  one  (of  one  form). 

»  Dear  is  that  shed  to  which  his  soul  conforms' , 
And  dear  that  hill  which  lifts  him  to  the  storms; 
And  as  a  child,  when  scaring  sounds  molest. 
Clings  close  and  closer  to  the  mother's  breast, 
So  the  loud  torrent  and  the  whirlwind's  roar 
But  bind  him  to  his  native  mountains  more. — Goldsmith. 


*  The  wife  of  Lot  was  transformed'  into  a  pillar  of  salt.  Mount  Atlas  is  fabled  to  have 
resulted  from  the  transformation  of  a  great  giant  who  stood  in  that  corner  of  the  earth 
holding  up  the  skies.  As  Perseus  was  returning  with  the  head  of  the  gorgon  Medusa  in 
his  wallet  he  was  treated  with  some  rudeness  by  the  giant.  As  a  punishment,  he  partly- 
opened  the  wallet  and  exposed  the  offender  to  the  stare  of  that  terrible  face.  Now  this 
face  had  the  power  of  converting  into  stone  everything  that  looked  upon  it.  Instantly 
the  giant's  great  body  became  masses  of  rock,  while  his  hair  and  beard  still  waved  above 
as  a  forest  of  trees. 

Our  map-books  are  called  A  t'lases  because  of  the  common  practice  of  having  on  the  title- 
page  a  picture  of  Atlas  holding  up  the  world.  The  giant  has  also  had  the  honor  of  giving 
his  name  to  the  great  Atlantic  ocean. 

As  A  Has  groanM 
The  world  beneath,  we  groan  beneath  an  hour. —  You}tg. 

The  fabled  cliffs 
Of  Atlas,  looking  to  Atlanta's  ■wa.ve.—Polloi. 

Sage  he  stood, 
With  Atlante'an  shoulders  fit  to  bear 
The  weight  of  mightiest  monarchies  ;  his  look 
Drew  audience,  and  attention  still  as  night, 
Or  summer's  noontide  air. — Alilton. 


72  WHAT  WORDS  SAY. 


» 


Foi*t= Strong. 

Comfort (make)  strong  (to  bear) ....  corn  (cofl) . . 

with. 

Effort strength  (put)  .  .  .  .ef  (ex) . . out  (or forth). 

Fort a  s/ronghold. 

Fort'iiy fy  (ft)-  .make fort,  .strong. 

Fort\t\xdQ   strength  to  bear  or  undergo.^ 

Fortress a  small  fort  or  i'/r^/;^hold.'^ 

Piano-/orfe piano,  .level  (or  soft) . . .  .fort,  .strong 

(or  loud).*^ 

[Forte] One's  forte  is  that  in  which  he  is  especially 

strong. 

*  A  noh\e  /or'ti/ude  in  ills,  delights 
Heav'n,  earth,  ourselves;  'tis  duty,  glory,  peace. —  Young. 
**  His  fall  was  destin'd  to  a  barren  strand, 
A  petty  fortress,  and  a  dubious  hand: 
He  left  the  name  at  which  the  world  grew  pale. 
To  point  a  moral,  or  adorn  a  tale. — Johnson. 

I  have  you  fast  in  my  fortress, 

And  will  not  let  you  depart, 
And  put  you  down  into  the  dungeon 

In  the  round  tower  of  my  heart. — -Longfellow. 

'^  The  piano-forte  is  the  instrument  with  the  soft  and   loud 
tones. 


jlFi'0/if= forehead,  brow,  face. 

kifront af  {ad)  . .  to    ...  front  . .  forehead    (or 

face).'* 

Confront face con.  .with  (or  together).'' 

Front the  position  or  direction  of  the/<3;^<f.* 

Frontal belonging  to  the  forehead. 

Frontier the  front,  or  border,  of  a  country. 


c 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  78 

Frontis\i\ece (spiec)  spec . .  see,  view .  . .  (the  front  view 

of  a  book). 
Frontlet let.  .little   ...  (a  /////<?   band   worn   on   the 

forehead ) . 

*  An  affront'  is  an  offense  offered  to  one's,  face. 
"  To  confront'  is  to  Y^ut  face  to  face  {or  face  with). 

We  four,  indeed,  confronted  were  with  four 

In  Russian  habit. — Shakespeare. 

I  followed  some  fine  instinct  in  my  feet, 

Till,  to  unbend  me  from  the  loom  of  thought, 

Looking  up  suddenly,  I  found  mine  eyes 

Confronted  with  the  minster's  vast  repose. — Lowell. 

c  See,  what  a  grace  was  seated  on  this  brow; 
Hyperion's  curls;  the /"ww^  of  Jove  himself; 
An  eye  like  Mars,   to  threaten  and  command; 
A  station  like  the  herald  Mercury 
New  lighted  on  a  heaven-kissing  hill; 
A  combination,  and  a  form,  indeed. 
Where  every  god  did  seem  to  set  his  seal. 
To  give  the  world  assurance  of  a  man. — Shakespeare. 

FtlS=pour,  melt. 

Confuse pour  (or  mix) ....  cofl  ■  ■  together.* 

Diffuse pour     (or     shed) ....  dif    {(lis) .  .  apart     (oi* 

abroad). 

¥Afus\on ef  {eoc)  . .  out . . .  fus . .  pour ion . .  ing,^ 

jFff  sible melt ....  ible . .  able (as  lead). 

Infuse to  pour  into? 

♦The  swain,  responsive  as  the  millcmaid  sung, 
The  sober  herd  that  low'd  to  meet  their  young, 
The  noisy  geese  that  gabbled  o'er  the  pool. 
The  playful  children  ]ust  let  loose  from  school, 
The  watchdog's  voice  that  bayM  the  whisp'ring  wind, 
And  the  loud  laugh  that  spoke  the  vacant  mind  ; 
These  all  in  sweet  con/u'sion  sought  the  shade. 
And  fill'd  each  pause  the  nightingale  had  made. — Gotdsmith. 

I  saw  and  heard  ;  for  such  a  num'rous  host 
Fled  not  in  silence  through  the  frightened  deep, 
With  ruin  upon  ruin,  rout  on  rout, 
Coiifusioti  worse  confounded. — Milton. 


74  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Profuse poured  . .  .  .^)ro . . forth.° 

Kef  use pour ....  ve  ■ .  back. 

SuifuSQ pour. . .  .  suf  (sub)  ■  .  under,  down/ 

Transfuse pour. . . .  trans,  .across.® 

»  Ye  that  keep  watch  in  heaven,  as  earth  asleep 
Unconscious  lies,  effuse  your  mildest  beams, 
Ye  constellations,  while  your  angels  strike, 
Amid  the  spangled  sky,  the  silver  lyre. —  Thomson. 

^  Pro.   Oh  !  a  cherubim 
Thou  wast,  that  did  preserve  me  !     Thou  didst  smile, 
Infused'  with  a  fortitude  from  heaven. — Shakespeare. 

'  Hail  to  thee,  blithe  spirit  ! 
Bird  thou  never  wert, 
That  from  heaven,  or  near  it, 
Pourest  thy  full  heart 
In  profuse  strains  of  unpremeditated  art. — Shelley. 

^  The  eyes  are  suffused'  with  tears  when  the  tears  are  ready 
lo  pour  down.  The  cheeks  are  i'Z(^z<!.y^<^  with  blushes  when  the 
red  hXoodi  pours  to  the  surface  under  the  skin. 

*  Till  the  dilating  Soul,  enrapt,  transfused' , 
Into  the  mighty  vision  passing — there. 
As  in  her  natural  form,  swelled  vast  to  Heaven  ! — Coleridge. 

G-rdcl— Step,  degree,  rank. 

Def/rade (take) . , .   grad . . rank de. . from.^ 

Degree gree  (grad).  .(a)  step. . .  .de.  .from.'' 

(rfctdual slep  by  step. 

iGrciduate to  take  a  degree,  also  to  mark  off  into  degrees, 

as  to  grad'uate  a  scale. 
\r\gred'\er\t ....  step  (or  go) ....  ietlt . .  ing ....  in . .  in  (as  an 

element  of  a  mixture).*^ 
Ketrogj^ade . . .  .go. . .  .retro,  .backward.'' 

^  We  degrade'  a  person  when  we  take  his  rank  from  him,  or 
cause  him  to  step  down  in  the  scale  of  respect. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  76 

^  The  degrees'  marked  on  the  scale  of  a  thermometer  are 
steps  M\)  or  doy^n  from  a  fixed  point. 

■^  But  to  nobler  sights 
Michael  from  Adam's  eyes  the  film  remov'd 
Which  that  false  fruit  that  promis'd  clearer  sight 
Had  bred  ;  then  purg'd  with  euphrasy  and  rue 
The  visual  nerve,  for  he  had  much  to  see, 
And  from  the  well  of  life  three  drops  instill'd  ; 
So  deep  the  power  of  these  ingre  dients  pierc'd, 
Even  to  the  inmost  seat  of  mental  sight. 
That  Adam,  now  enforc'd  to  close  his  eyes, 
Sunk  down,  and  all  his  spirits  became  entranc'd. — Milton. 

"*  Their  wand'ring  course,  now  high,  now  low,  then  hid, 
Progressive,  retrograde,  or  standing  still. 
In  six  thou  seest. — Milton. 

G-Tdmni— written,  or  writing. 

Proff ramtne .  .written. . .  .pro.  .before(hand).^ 
Monogram  .  ■  .written    (with  a) . .  . .  niOilO.  .single   (stroke, 

or  character). 
Diagram written      (with       lines      passing) dia . . 

through,  or  across  (each  other). 
Gra7nma.r  —  ar . .  belonging    to graftim . .  (language, 

that  which  is)  written. 

[Anagram]. ..  .writing  (over) .  .ana  .  .again  (the  letters  of 

a  word). 
[Epigram].  ■  ..written. . .  .epi.  .upon.^ 

^  h.  pro' gramme  is  an  order  of  exercises  written  out  before- 
hand. 

^  An  ep'igram  is  a  terse  utterance  (like  an  inscription  written 
upon  a  monument).* 

*  The  ancient  Greeks  erected  a  pillar  (or  trophy)  wherever  they  won  a  victory.  The 
inscription  was  prepared  with  the  most  profound  care,  in  order  that  it  might  do  justice  to 
the  event,  and  at  the  same  time  be  most  impressive  upon  succeeding-  generations.  The 
composition  of  the  epigram  for  the  victory  pillar  at  Marathon  was  submitted  to  the  com- 


76  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Gran=GYain. 

Granary a  place  for  storing  ^ra/;/. 

Gi'fmge a  farm  house,   originally  a  barn    (or  grain 

house). 

Granule tile . .  little (fran . .  grain. 

6r/'«^^ular having  gran' u/es  {ox  little  grains). 

Gl*an\\\aX.Q. to  make\w\.o  granules  (or  little  grains). 

Granite the  stdne*  composed  of  hard  grains. 

Pomef/ranatej; .  .  .pom  ■  ■  apple  (or  large  fruit) ....  ate . .  hav- 
ing (many) ....  (fvan. .  (seeds  or)  grains. 

Gamer a  place  ior grain  (a granary).^ 

Garnet a  precious  stone  resembling  the  red  seed 

(or  grain)  of  the  pome^^raz/ate. 

[GrofpHini^  \  . .  .f/ro{s)  ..coarse. .  .gran,  .grain.  . .  (coarse- 
[Grogran]    )      grained  cloth) J. 

petition  of  all  the  literary  men  of  Greece.  The  honor  of  supplying  the  epigram  was  won 
by  Simonides,  who  became  renowned  as  a  writer  of  epigrams.  This  was  a  period  of  crea- 
tions, the  beginning  of  the  golden  age  of  Greece,  ^schylus,  one  of  the  soldiers  of 
Marathon,  created  the  drama,  which  has  ever  since  been  a  great  department  of  literature. 
Herodotus,  a  youth  who  conversed  with  ^schylus  and  Simonides,  became  the  Father  of 
History.  As  he  read  his  history  at  the  Olympian  games,  another  youth  was  observed 
weeping.  He  said,  in  answer  to  inquiries,  that  he  should  know  no  peace  of  mind  until  he 
had  produced  as  grand  a  work  as  that.  He  produced  it,  pronounced  his  own  immortality, 
and  lives  to-day  in  classical  literature  as  the  masterly  historian  Thucydides.  Another  youth 
had  been  foppish,  frivolous  and  somewhat  dissipated.  After  Marathon  he  was  found 
serious  and  depressed.  He  said  it  was  the  trophy  that  had  undone  him,  or  rather  made 
him.  It  haunted  him  day  and  night — would  not  let  him  sleep.  He  should  never  know 
peace  until  he  had  performed  a  deed  that  would  equal  that  of  Miltiades.  His  opportunity 
came  ten  years  later,  and  he  was  ready  for  it.  Themistocles  at  Salamis  saved  Greece  from 
a  greater  danger  than  menaced  her  at  Marathon. 

The  epigyam  on  the  pillar  at  Thermopylae  happily  characterized  the  heroes  who  fell 
there  :  "  Stranger,  say  at  Sparta  that  we  lie  here  m  obedience  to  her  orders." 

*  Ite  is  a  very  common  suffix  in  mineralogy.     Its  genera!  value  is  7>zi7ieral. 

+  A  ^>-;?;ade'  is  an  explosive  shell  filled  with  bullets  or  small  fragments  of  iron.  It  was 
so  named  from  its  resemblance  to  \h.&poviegra>i'ate.  A  grenadier'  was  a  large  soldier  em- 
ployed in  ■Ct\roWm%  grenades.     Hence  a  large  foot  soldier  is  called  ii  grenadier. 

X  Admiral  Vernon  of  the  British  navy  -vior^  grog' ram  trousers,  in  consequence  of  which 
he  received  from  his  sailors  the  cognomen  of  "  Old  Grog.''''  On  one  occasion  when  the 
stock  of  rum  was  running  low,  the  admiral  ordered  it  diluted  with  water.  The  disgusted 
tars  retorted  by  dubbing  the  vitiated  liquor '' ^rc^,"  a  name  it  still  retains  among  tipplers. 


WffA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  77 


a 


A  gar'ner  is  a  place  (or  grain.    To  garner  is  to  gather  grain 
for  storage  in  the  garner.     Hence,  to  gather. 

Gra^JJi— Write. 

Autof/raph write ....  auto . . self.* 

Chiroff rapJiy . .  .  chir  ■  •  hand ....  f/raph ■  •  write .  .  ..y . . ing. 

hhhof/yaj^h write ....  (on) . .  lith ....  stone.'' 

Phono (fr a ph . .  .  .write. . .  .phoifi. . sound. '^ 
Fhonography  ■  ■  phoii . .  sound ....  graph . .  write . . . .  y. . 

ing.'J 
Photograph. .  .  .write  (or  draw) ....  (with) .  .phot,  .light. 
StQnography  —  sten . .  narrow  (or  short) . .  .  graph  ■ .  write 

....|/..ing. 
TeX&graph write ....  tele . .  afar  off.® 

[CsWigraphy^  ■  ..c«W... beautiful. .  .graph. .. write.. y  ..ing 

"•  An  au'tograph  letter  or  signature  is  written  by  the  person 
himself  vihosG.  name  is  signed.* 

^  To  lithograph  is  to  write  (or  draw)  a  picture  upon  stone. 
A  lithograph  is  2.  picture  printed  from  stone. 

®  Tho.  pho  nograph  is  an  instrument  which  writes  down  sounds 
(as  those  of  the  human  voice  in  speech)  so  that  they  may  be 
accurately  reproduced  at  will. 

^  Phonog'raphy  is  a  system  of  short-hand  zuriting  in  which  the 
characters  represent  sounds  instead  of  letters. 

®  The  tel'egraph  originally  wrote  its  messages  at  the  receiving 
station  {afar  off)  on  paper,  in  dots  and  dashes. 

6rra^=  Pleased,  thankful. 

Grat'iiy ff/ifi)  ■  •  make grat . .  pleased. 

Gvattiul fall  oi pleasure  (or  thanks).^ 

G ratitndt thankful ....  itude . .  ness.'^ 

*  Letters  of  a  business  or  official  character  are  usually  dictated.     But  where   special  re- 
spect is  due,  or  where  special  notice  is  called  for,  the  writer  sends  an  autograph  letter. 


78  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Congratulate. .  ..(to  wish  joy  or)  pleasure. .  .  .com.  .with. 

Gratis without  charge  (of  one's  own  ir&e pleasure).^ 

IngratQ in.  .not. .  .  .grat   .  ..pleased  (or thankful). 

"  Sail  on,  Three  Bells,  forever. 

In  grate' fill  memory  sail  ! 
Ring  on.  Three  Bells  of  rescue. 

Above  the  wave  and  gale  ! —  Whittier. 

Virtue  dwells  in  Arden's  vale  ; 
There  her  hallow'd  temples  rise  : 
There  her  incense  greets  the  skies. 

Grateful  2&  the  morning  gale. — Langhomc. 

*"  My  dog  (the  trustiest  of  his  kind) 
With  grat'itude  inflames  my  mind  : 
I  mark  his  true,  his  faithful  way, 
And  in  my  service  copy  Tray. — Gay. 

Blow,  blow  thou  winter  wind, 
Thou  art  not  so  unkind 

As  man's  ingratitude.  —  Shakespeare, 

How  sharper  than  a  serpent's  tooth  It  is 
To  have  a  thankless  child  ! — lb. 

*  Por. — What  mercy  can  you  render  him,    Antonio  ? 
Gra. — A  \vi\\.QX  gra' tis ;  nothing  else,  for  God's  sake. — lb. 

Gr ess =StGp,  go. 

Congress (a)going ....  con . .  together.^ 

Digress go. . .  .di.  .apart  (or  aside). 

Egress go. 

. .  .in.  .into.'' 

.  .  .p7*o  ■ .  forth  (or  forward).*^ 
.re. . back. 

.ion.  .ing. .  .  .retro,  .backward. 
.trans.  .a.cr OSS    (the    boundary  line 
of  another's  rights). 

[  Aggr/*essor] one     who     goes ....  ag(ad) . .  toward     {oi 

against)  (the  rights  of  another). 


Ingress go 

Progress go 

Regress go 

Ketrogression . .  .go 
Transgress go 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  79 

^  A  Con'gress  is  an  assemblage  (or  going  together)  of  people. 
The  Congress  of  the  United  States  is  the  body  of  representatives 
of  the  people  who  go  together  annually  at  the  Capitol,  for  the 
purpose  of  making  the  laws. 

^  It  came  to  pass,  that  when  he  did  address 

Himself  to  quit  at  length  this  mountain  land, 

Combined  marauders  half-way  barr'd  egress. 

And  wasted  far  and  near  with  glaive  and  brand. — Byron. 

"  Doors  are  places  of  t'n'gress  (to  go  in)  and  egress  (to  go  out). 

"^  Awake,  .^olian  lyre,   awake, 
And  give  to  rapture  all  thy  trembling  strings, 
From  Helicon's  harmonious  springs 

A  thousand  rills  their  miLzy  />rog'ress  take  : 
The  laughing  flowers  that  round  them  blow, 
Drink  life  and  fragrance  as  they  flow. — Gray, 
Above,  how  high  progress' ive  life  may  go  ! 
Around,  how  wide  !  how  deep  extend  below! — Pope. 

Zble=^h\e,  capable  of. 

Audible aud . . hear ible . . able.'* 

Combustible combust,  .burn ible.  .able. 

Credible .... cred . . believe ible . . able.'' 

Edible ed.  .eat ible . . able. 

Fusible fits . .  melt ible . .  able. 

l^egible le(/ . .  read ible . .  able. 

[Feasible] feas  {fais) . .  do ible . .  able, 

[Tangible] tang . .  touch ible . .  able. 

"  Yet  still,  from  either  beach. 
The  voice  of  blood  shall  reach, 
More  aud' ible  than  speech — 

"  We  are  one  !  " —  Washington  AUston 

^  And  Uriel  to  his  charge 
Return'd,  on  that  bright  beam,  whose  point,  now  rais'd. 
Bore  him  slope  downward  to  the  sun,  now  fallen 
Beneath  th'  Azores,  whither  the  prime  orb, 
Incredible  how  swift,  had  thither  roU'd 
Diurnal. — Milton. 


80  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

X€T=^GV,  one  who,  that  which. 


Barr/ef an  obstacle,  like  a  horizontal  ^ar. 

Brasiei' )  that   which    (holds) , . .  .bras   (brais) .  .live 

Braz'iei' )      coals. '^ 

Cavalier caval{l).  .horse. . .  Aer.  .man.'' 

Chevalier cheval.  .horse.  .ie7^.  .man.^ 

Covirier cour  (curr) . .  run ....  ier . .  er.'^ 

Courtier one  who  attends  at  the  courf  of  a  monarch.* 

Farrier* one  who  (works  in) . . .  .farr  {ferr)  ■  .iron  ^ 

^  A  bra'sier  is  a  pan  for  holding  live  coals.\ 

^  A  cavalier'  is  a  horseman  ;  also,  a  lady's  escort,  suggestive 
of  the  ancient  knights  (or  horsemeti)  who  devoted  themselves 
to  the  service  of  the  ladies. 

Hushed  is  the  din  of  tongues;  on  gallant  steeds, 
With  milk-white  crest,  gold  spur,  and  light-poised  lance, 
Four  cavaliers'  prepare  for  venturous  deeds, 
And  lowly  bending,  to  the  lists  advance. — Byron. 

'  Chevalier'  is  a  title  of  rank  in  France,  corresponding  with 
knight  (or  horseman)  in  England. 

*  A  <ro«r//j' grace  or  bearing  Is  such  as  prevails  at  a  monarch's  court.     Cour'tesy  is  the 
attentive  politeness  that  prevails  at  court. 

Courteous  as  monarch  the  morn  he  is  crowned. 

Generous  as  spring  dews  that  bless  the  glad  ground  ; 

Noble  her  blood  as  the  currents  that  met 

In  the  veins  of  the  noblest  Plantagenet— 

Such  must  her  form  be,  her  mood  and  her  strain. 

That  shall  match  with  Sir  Ronald  of  Triermain. — Scott. 

\  A  story  Illustrative  of  the  rigid  nature  of  court  etiquette  is  related  in  connection  with 
he  brasier.  A  king  of  Spain,  recovering  from  an  illness,  sat  by  a  brasier  to  keep  himself 
warm.  Becoming  drowsy,  his  head  dropped  down  lower  and  lower,  until  he  began  to  in- 
hale the  fumes  from  the  brasier.  His  stifled  breathing  soon  gave  notice  of  distress  and 
danger  ;  but  the  attendant  who  chanced  to  be  at  that  moment  in  the  room,  was  not 
the  one  who  had  the  right  to  touch  the  royal  head  or  to  remove  the  brasier.  He,  however, 
gave  the  alarm,  and  it  was  passed  along  through  the  halls  of  the  palace  until  it  reached 
the  person  who  was  at  liberty  to  save  the  monarch.  But  when  this  favored  individual 
reached  the  royal  presence  his  Majesty  was  dead. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  «1 

*  O  who  that  shared  them  ever  shall  forget 
The  emotions  of  the  spirit-rousing  time, 
When  breathless  in  the  mart  the  couriers  met, 
Early  and  late,  at  evening  and  at  prime; 
When  the  loud  cannon  and  the  merry  chime 
Hail'd  news  on  news,  as  field  on  field  was  won, 
When  Hope,  long  doubtful,  soar'd  at  length  sublime, 
And  our  glad  eyes,  awake  as  day  begun, 
Watch'd  Joy's  broad  banner  rise,  to  meet  the  rising  sun  ! — Scotl. 

"  Kfar'rier  is  a  blacksmith  (or  worker  in  iroti). 

Zle=^h\e,  capable  of,  like,  belonging  to. 

kgile aff . .  act ....  lie . .  ive. 

Febrile belonging  to. . .  .fehv.  .fever.^ 

Fragile ft'cig . .  break ....  He . .  able.'' 

Fertile capable  of . . .  .fef'ir) . .  bear(ing)  (or  produc- 
ing)- 

Juvenile .Jiiveni* . .  young ....  He . .  ish. 

MXssile miss,  .send  (forth) . .  .  .He.  .able. 

Serv^^e .sew . .  slave ....  He . .  like. 

[Pensile] pens . .  hang . .  He . .  ing.** 

[Sess-^^e] sess . .  s' t He . .  ing.  '^ 

Virile vir\ .  .man He.  .ly. 

*  Feb' rile  symptoms  are  those  belonging  to  fever. 

*■  Come  and  see 
The  cypress,  hear  the  owl,  and  plod  your  way 
O'er  steps  of  broken  thrones  and  temples.  Ye  ! 
Whose  agonies  are  evils  of  a  day — 
A  world  is  at  our  feet  a.s  frag'ile  as  our  clay. — Byron. 

*To  reju'vendXt  is  to  make  ^^««^  again. 

+A  7//»-a'go  is  a  violent  (w«a«-like)  woman. 

The  rule  of  Octavius,  Antony,  and  Lepidus  at  Rome  was  called  a  trium'z'/Vate  (or  rule 
of  three  men).  A  previous  triumi'zVate  consisted  of  Caesar,  Pompey,  and  Crassus.  The 
decemz'jVs  (or  ten  tneti)  are  famous  for  having  produced  the  laws  of  the  ten  tables, 
but  infamous  in  that  one  of  their  number,  Appius  Claudius,  caused  the  death  of  the 
maiden,  Virginia. 
6 


83  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

"  In  yonder  pen' si/e  orb,  and  every  sphere 
That  gems  the  starry  girdle  of  the  year; 
In  those  unmeasured  worlds,  she  bids  thee  tell, 
Pure  from  their  God,  created  millions  dwell. — Campbell 

^  k.  flower  isJ^^A//*?  when   it  ^//^  directly  on   the  main  stalk, 
without  the  intervention  of  a  petiole. 

Ilfl  (m)  =  not,  without,  un. 

2>?imaculate . . .  un maciil . .  spot ate . .  ed.* 

IfHmature nof  mature  (or  ripe). 

Jl^mense un tneflS. .  measured. ** 

iTyimoroX nof  moral. 

Jmmortal not  mortal. 

Jw^pervious. . .  .  not  pervious. 

Jm^pudent not. . .  .pud.  .shame  feel evit.  .ing. 

Ti/ipunity without. . .  .pum.  .punish. , ,  .ity .  .ment. 

"His  words  are  bonds,  his  oaths  are  oracles; 
His  love  sincere,  his  thoughts  immac' ulate  ; 
His  tears  pure  messengers  sent  from  his  heart, 
His  heart  as  far  from  fraud  as  heaven  from  earth. — Shakespeare. 

The  purest  treasure  mortal  times  afford, 
Is  spotless  reputation;  that  away, 
Men  are  but  gilded  loam,  or  painted  clay. — lb. 
^  Thou  movest ;  but  increasing  with  the  advance, 
Like  climbing  some  great  Alp  which  still  doth  rise, 
Deceived  by  its  gigantic  elegance; 
Vastness  which  grows — but  grows  to  harmonize — 

All  musical  in  its  itufneti'sities. — Byron  ("St.  Peter's  at  Rome  "). 

IlfVl  ('m)  =  into,  against,  upon. 

Jwtmigrate 7tii<ji'at . .  wander ....  Itn .  ■  into. 

Z^/^migrant ....  migr . .  wander  ....  ant . .  ing  ....  ini . .  into. 

Immure (put)  within ....  mut'  ■  ■  (prison)  wall(s). 

JTtWplore plor .  .wail. . .  .if¥l.  .into  (one's  heart). 

-Zmpress press  upon. 

Jwprint print  upon.^ 


c 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  83 

[ Jmpugn] piign . .  fight ....  Itii  . .  against." 

[Z^W-pute] ^9iff.  .think,  suppose. . .   ini.  .upon.* 

'^  The  imprint  of  a  book  is  the  publisher's  name  and  the 
time  and  place  of  publication, /r/;//"^^  upon  the  title  page.  To 
imprint'  an  idea  is  to  press  it  ///  upon  the  mind. 

^  To  impug?i  one's  motives  is  to  question  or  assail  (make  a 
fight  against)  them. 

•^  To  impute'  an  act  to  a  person  is  to  charge  it  upon  him  (to 
think  or  claim  to  think  that  he  did  it). 

Ina.mma.te not ....  ate .  ■  having ....  aflim . .  breath.* 

Jjicessant not. .  .  .cess.  .cease.  . .  .atlt.  •ing.'' 

Zw^delible not del . .  destroy ible . .  able. 

Jildolent not. .  .  .dol.  .grieve  (or  worry). ,  .  .ent.  -ing 

Iniant not .  . .  .fant.  .speaking. 

Iflfivm. Jiot  firm.^ 

Injure    (do  what  is) ... .  in . .  not . . .  .Jiir .  •  right.^ 

Znnocent not ....  noc . .  injure ....  ent . .  ing.^ 

Zn valid not ....  valid  •  .  strong. 

»  Music  hath  charms  to  soothe  a  savage  breast. 
To  soften  rocks,  or  bend  a  knotted  oak; 
I've  read  that  things  inan'imate  have  moved, 
And,  as  with  living  souls,  have  been  inform'd 
By  magic  numbers  and  persuasive  sound. — Congreve. 

''  There  are,  who  have,  at  midnight  hour, 
In  slumber  scaled  a  dizzy  tower. 
And,  on  the  verge  that  beetled  o'er 
The  ocean  tide's  incessant  roar, 
Dreamed  calmly  out  their  dangerous  dream. — Scott. 

*  So  runs  my  dream;  but  what  am  I  ? 
An  in' fant  crying  in  the  night; 
An  infant  crying  for  the  light, 
And  with  no  language  but  a  cry. —  Tennyson. 

*  Infirm   of  purpose  !  Give  me  the  daggers.  —  Shakespeare. 


e 


a 


84  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

'  Thus  watch  I  o'er  insulted  laws, 
And  learn  to  right  the  injured  caxL^e. — Scott. 

'  Yet  the  sweet  converse  of  an  in'nocent  mind, 
Whose  words  are  images  of  thoughts  refined, 
Is  my  soul's  pleasure. — Keats. 

Dear  lovely  bowers  of  innocence  and  ease. 

Seats  of  my  youth,  when  every  sport  could  please. 

How  often  have  I  loitered  o'er  thy  green, 

Where  humble  happiness  endeared  each  scene  ! — Goldsmith, 


Ifl=m,  into,  against. 

Zticline din .  Jean ....  iu ....  against  (or  toward). 

Jncision cis . . cut ion . . ing in. . into. 

Increase , . cresc . . grow in. . into. '' 

Indent (notch) in.. into dent* . . tooth  (or 

teeth  like  a  saw). 
Jw,dorse (put) in.  .in   (or    on) dors\    (the) 

back. 
Jw-ebriate ate . .  make ebri . .  drunken in  . . 

within.*' 

Iniest fest . . strike in. . into.** 

Inflate /latX . .  blow in  •  •  into. 

Indict flict. .  strike in .  ■  against.^ 

Zti-gredient f/red  ( grad) .  .step  (or  go) iefit. .  ing 

. . .  .in.  .into.^ 
r^^habit habit,  .dwell. . .  .in.  .in. 


*  An  indent'ure  is  a  deed  or  instrument  In  writing.  Originally  such  writings  were  made 
m  duplicate  upon  a  sheet  of  paper  which  was  afterwards  indented  or  cut  apart  in  a  waved 
or  notched  line.  One  piece  was  given  to  each  of  the  parties  to  the  contract,  and  when  the 
two  were  put  together  they  would,  of  course,  fit  into  each  other  exactly.  This  mode  of 
Indenture  has  passed  out  of  use,  but  the  term  survives. 

Indentures,  covenants,  articles  they  draw. 
Large  as  the  fields  themselves  —/"o/f. 

*  The  dorsA\  fin  of  a  fish  is  on  tne  back. 

.f  A  fliUt  IS  an  instrument  into  which  the  player  blows. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  85 

*  And  I  will  trust  that  He  who  heeds 
The  life  that  hides  in  mead  and  wold, 
Who  hangs  yon  alder's  crimson  beads. 
And  stains  these  mosses  green  and  gold, 
Will  still,  as  he  hath  done,  inclhie 
His  gracious  care  to  me  and  mine. —  Whittier. 

^  Yet  I  doubt  not  through  the  ages  one  increas'ing  purpose  runs. 
And  the  thoughts  of  men  are  widened  with  the  process  of  the  suns. 

—  Tennyson. 
"  And  while  the  bubbling  and  loud-hissing  urn 
Throws  up  a  steamy  column,  and  the  cups 
That  cheer  but  not  inebriate  wait  on  each. 
So  let  us  welcome  peaceful  evening  in. — Cowper. 

^  And  the  nights  shall  be  filled  with  music. 
And  the  cares  that  infest'  the  day 
Shall  fold  their  tents  like  the  Arabs, 

And  as  silently  steal  away. — Longfellow. 

*  But  yet  with  fortitude  resign'd 

I'll  thank  th'  inflict' er  of  the  blo7v; 
Forbid  the  sigh,  compose  my  mind, 

Nor  let  the  gush  of  mis'ry  flow.  —  Chatterton. 

^  The  ingre' dients  of  any  mixture  are  the  various  things  going 
into  its  composition. 

Every  inordinate  cup 
Is  unblessed,  and  the  ingredient  is  a  devil. — Shakespeare. 

Til=^m,  into,  against  (continued). 

JT^hale 7ial . .  breathe ....  ifi . .  in. 

Inquest quest    {quaesit) . . sought    (or   inquired) 

....  in . .  into. 

^^^^^^^  \ (put)  into. .  ..stall,  .station. 

Instil ...    stil{l) . .  drop in. .  into.  * 

Ztisurrection silVfect . .  (up)  rise ....  ion  . .  ing ....  in . . 

within.'' 
Inter (put)  into ....  tev{v)  ■  ■  the  earth. 


86  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

T/itoxicate ate . . put tox ic . . poison in-- into.* 

Intrude trud  ■ .  thrust in . .  in. 

Invade vad . .  go . . . . in . .  into. 

i^Hvestigate ate .  ■  (look) ifi. .  into vestige'^ -  • 

track,  trace. 

*  But  with  the  breath  which  fills 
Their  mountain  pipe,  so  fill  the  mountaineers 
With  the  fierce  native  daring  which  instils' 
The  stirring  memory  of  a  thousand  years. — Byron. 

^  The  insurrec'tion  muttering  in  the  streets. — Pollok. 

•^  Certain  liquors  intox'icate  by  reason  oi  putting  poison  into  the 
system. 

The  pleasing  poison\ 
The  visage  quite  transforms  of  him  that  drinks, 
And  the  inglorious  likeness  of  a  beast 
Fixes  instead. — Milton. 

Oh,  that  men  should  put  an  enemy  in 

Their  mouths  to  steal  away  their  brains. — Shakespeare. 

Xiitev =hetween,  among. 

Intercept cept.  .take. . .  .inter,  .between.^ 

Intercourse. .  .cours.  .running.  . .  .inter,  .between.^ 

Interfere ferX-  .strike. . .  .inter,  .between. 

Interpose jjos.  .place. . .  .inter .  .between."^ 

Intersect sect.  .cut. . .  .inter,  .between. 

Intersperse. .  .spers  (spars),  .scatter. . .  .inter,  .among. 

Interstice stice.  .standing. . .  .inter .  .between. 

Interval inter . .  between ....  vail .  ■  rampart.'' 

*  And  wherever  her  airy  footstep  trod. 
Her  trailing  hair  from  the  grassy  sod 
Erased  its  light  ves'ttg-e,  with  shadowy  sweep, 
Like  a  sunny  storm  o'er  the  dark  green  dec^.— Shelley. 
t  In  the  flowers  that  wreathe  the  sparkling  bowl 
Fell  adders  hiss,  2l1\&  poisonous  serpents  roll. — Prior. 
X  The  schoolmaster  used  to  strike  his  pupil  with  a/>rule. 


WIIA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  87 

Intet^v&nt ven.  .come. . .  .inter .  .between. 

Ifltevview a  conference  (seeing  or  viewing  matters)  z^^- 

tween  two  parties.® 

*  To  intercept'  a  letter  is  to  take  possession  of  it  while  on 
its  way  {between  the  beginning  and  end  of  its  journey). 

''  The  intercourse  of  people  is  their  rtmning  back  and  forth 
between  each  other's  abodes. 

'  Betwixt  them  lawns,  or  level  downs,  and  flocks 
Grazing  the  tender  herb,  were  interposed'; 
Or  palmy  hillock,  or  the  flowery  lap 
Of  some  irriguous  valley  spread  her  store; 
Flowers  of  all  hue,  and  without  thorn  the  rose. — Milton. 

•^  An  in'terval  is  a  space  between  two  limits  (like  the  space 
between  the  Roman  soldier's  tent  and  the  rampart  of  his  forti- 
fied camp).* 

How  soft  the  music  of  those  village  bells, 
Falling  at  intervals  upon  the  ear 
In  cadence  sweet ! — Coivper. 

•  Star  of  love's  soft  in  toinews. 
Parted  lovers  on  thee  muse. — Campbell. 

Ion=\ng. 

Auction atlCt . .  increase ....  ion .  •  ing.* 

Bastioti bast\ .  .build ion-  •ing.'' 

CombustioW'. .  .combust,  .burn. . .  .ion.  •ing.*' 

Friction frict.  .rub. .  .  .ion.  .ing. 

]unction Junct.  .join ion.  .ing. 

Mission miss . .  send ....  ion . .  ing."^ 

Option 02)t .  .  choose ....  ion . .  ing. 

*  The  Romans  fortified  their  camps  with  a  ditch  and  rampart  though  occupied  foe  but 
a  night.  Certain  rings  of  earth  in  Great  Britain  to-day  are  regarded  by  the  people  either 
as  fairy  circles  or  Roman  camps. 

+  The  Bas'tille  was  a  noted  prison  {building)  in  Paris,  destroyed  at  the  beginning  of  the 
French  Revolution. 


88  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Passion p«8.s.  .feel,  suffer ion    -ing.' 

Potion pot. . (a)  drink ion .  ■  ing/ 

Session sess . .  sit ion . .  ing.^ 

Stat /oil- Stat,  .stand ion.  .'mg.^ 

Tension tens,  .stretch ion.  .ing} 

^  In  an  auc'tion  sale  there  is  an  increasing  of  bids. 

*"  A  bas'tion  is  a  strong  building  in  the  outworks  of  a  fort. 

^  Him  the  Almighty  power 
Hurl'd  headlong  flaming  from  the  ethereal  sky, 
With  hideous  ruin  and  combtis  tion,  down 
To  bottomless  perdition. — Milton. 

^  A  mis'sion  is  that  on  which  one  is  sent. 
®  Passion  is  sXsoxig  feeling.'^ 

Give  me  that  man 

That  is  not  passion  s  slave,  and  I  will  wear  him 
In  my  heart's  core,  aye,  in  my  heart  of  hearts, 
As  I  do  thee. —  Shakespeare. 

*■  Kpo'tion  is  a  medicine  or  drug  in  form  for  drinking. 

O  luxury!  thou  curst  by  Heaven's  decree. 
How  ill  exchanged  are  things  like  these  for  thee! 
How  do  ihy  potions,  with  insidious  joy, 
■^iffuse  their  pleasures  only  to  destroy. — Goldsmith. 
s  Then,  of  their  session  ended,  they  did  cry 
With  trumpets'  regal  sound  the  great  result. — Milton. 

^  A  railway  sta'tion  is  a  place  where   the  train  stajtds  to  take 

passengers.     One's  station  in  life  is  his  standiftg. 

Now,  if  you  have  a  station  in  the  file. 

And  not  in  the  worst  rank  of  manhood,  say  it. — Shakespeare. 

i  The  ten'sion  of  a  rope  is  the  amount  of  stretching  it  bears. 

*   Or  wilt  thou  Orphean  hymns  more  sacred  deem, 
And  steep  thy  song  in  Mercy's  mellow  stream  ? 
To  pensive  drops  the  radiant  eye  beguile — 
For  Beauty's  tears  are  lovelier  than  her  smile  ; 
On  Nature's  throbbing  anguish  pour  relief? 
And  teach  impas'siond  souls  the  joy  of  ^xxitil —  Campbell. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  89 

jro^=that  which. 

Bulltoit that  which  (is) ....  hull . .  stamp(ed).* 

Dominioit that  which  (belongs  to  a) ... .  doiilhl . .  lord. 

Fiction that   which    (is)  . . .  .fict  .  .feigned     (or    pre- 
tended)." 
Y'^actioii ....    .that  which  (is) . .  .  .f'ract.  .broken. 

¥\xv\cX.loiii that  which  (is).... /W.JK'if.. performed,  finished.* 

Mans/ori that  which. .  .niatlS.  .remain(s)  (stationary).** 

Notioti. that  which  (is)  ....  ^lot ■  ■  note(d)   (or  known). 

Opinioi* that  which  (is) .  . .    o^Hn.  .suppose(d). 

Quest io^i, that  which  (is) quest  {qucesif) . . sought 

(or  asked). 

*  Bullion  is  gold  or  silver  in  bars  ready  to  be  stamped  at  the 
mint. 

•^  Fic'tion  is  a  story  oi  feigned  or  pretended  chaLrsLCt^vs. 

'Tis  strange,  but  true,  for  truth  is  always  strange, 
Stranger  than  fiction. — Byron. 

"^  The  func'tion  of  the  stomach  is  to  digest  food  (since   that 
is  what  it  performs). 

^  A  mati  sion  remains  firmly  in  its  place. 

There,  in  his  noisy  mansion,  skilled  to  rule. 

The  village  master  taught  his  little  school.  —  Goldsmith. 

Build  thee  more  stately  mansions,  O  my  soul, 
As  the  swift  seasons  roll! — Holmes. 

Tor  =^  more. 

Anterior more ....  afltef . .  in  front,  before.* 

Exterior* more ....  eoctev . .  outside.  ^ 

Interior. more. .  .  .iiitev.  .within.^ 

Junior J 1171  *  {j liven) . . young ior . .  er.*" 


*  The  plant y«Kiper  is  a  plant  so  called  because  it  was  supposed  to  have  the  virtue  of 
producing ^-^^kM  in  the  aged.     Gin  is  the  liquid  distilled  from  ya«iper. 


90  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Posterior-.. ^^O.s^e?**.  .coming    after    (or    behind) 

. .  .  .iov .  .more. 

Sen  tor sen . .  old ....  ior . .  er. 

Superior* super . . high lor. . er. 

Deteriorate ate.  .make  (or  become). . .  .deferior 

.  .worse  {more  bad). 

^  Washington's  time  was  ante'rior  to  that  of  General  Jack- 
son. An  a/iferior  gate  admits  to  the  front  exterior  of  the  house, 
from  whence  one  may  pass  to  the  interior. 

^  The  Jun'ior  member  of  a  firm  is  the  younger  (or  more 
recent)  member. 

Ish—rmke.. 

Danish  drive  out  or  make  an  outlaw  under  the 

l>an.\  * 
BurnisJl make    brown    (like    the    polished    brown 

bronze)}' 

Cherish make  (or  hold) ....  cher . .  dear, J 

Finish make . .  .  .fl/tl .  .  end. 

Replen/.s'/i make pi  en.  .full.  . .  .re.  .again. 

Tarn  fsJi make  . . .  tarn  . .  obscure,  dark. 

Vanish make. .  .  .van.  .empty.*^ 

YarnisJi make vam  {vitriu) .  .  glassy. 

*  Banished  from  Rome  !     What's  banished  but  set  free 
From  daily  contact  of  the  things  I  loathe  ? 

^  In  the  Spring  a  livelier  iris  changes  on  the  bur' nished  dove. 
In  the  Spring  a  young  man's  fancy  lightly  turns  to  thoughts  of  love. 

—  Tennyson. 

*  Th^  posterity  of  a  man  are  his  descendants  (those  who  co))ie  after  him). 

t  A  ^rt«dit  is  an  outlaw  (under  the  ban). 

Even  good  men  turn  handit'ti  TinA  rejoice 

Like  Kauli  Kan,  in  plunder  of  the  proud.— J  o««^. 

%  CharWy  is  assistance  rendered  to  a  fellow  being  in  distress.     The  recipient  is  near  and 
dear  to  the  giver  because  he  is  a  fellow  man.    Charity  is  love. 


IVI/A  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  91 

Speech  burnishes  our  mental  magazine; 

Brightens  for  ornament  and  whets  for  use. —  Young. 

'  The  raining  music  from  a  morning  cloud, 
When  vanished  larks  are  carolling  above, 
To  wake  Apollo  with  their  pipings  loud. — Hood. 

Itude—nQss. 

Aptitude aptness. 

Gratitude f/rat.  .thankful itiide.  .ness. 

Lassitude lass*,  .weary. . .  .itude.  .ness. 

Latitude lat . .  wide itude . .  ness.  ^ 

Longitude long. .  .  .itude.  .ness." 

Magnitude magn . .  great itude . .  ness.'= 

yinltitude mult,  .many itude.  .ness.*' 

Rectitude rect. . right  (or  upright) ....  itude. . 

ness. 
Solitude sol .  .  alone ....  itude . .  ness. 

[Turpitude] turi).  -base itude.  .ness. 

*  Lat 'itude  is  distance  north  or  south  on  the  surface  of  the 
earth  (supposed  to  be  the  earth's  shortest  direction  or  width).] 

^  Lon'gititde'is  distance  east  or  west  on  the  surface  of  the  earth 
(supposed  to  be  the  direction  of  the  earth's  length). 

Meanwhile  in  utmost  longitude,  where  heaven 
With  earth  and  ocean  meets,  the  setting  sun 
Slowly  descended. — Milton. 

'  And  fast  by,  hanging  in  a  golden  chain. 
This  pendent  world,  in  bigness  as  a  star 
Of  smallest  mag'nittide,  close  by  the  moon. — lb. 

^  The  hum  oi  fnul' titudes  was  there,  but  multitudes  of  lambs, 
Thousands  of  little  boys  and  girls  raising  their  innocent  hands. 

—  William  Blake. 

*  The  interjection,  atas/  is  equivalent  to  ah!  I  am  ivearied! 

+  On  account  of  the  flattening  at  the  poles,  the  meridians  are  somewhat  shorter  than  the 
equator. 


c 


92  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Ity =ness,  quality  of. 

Alacrity alacr . .  brisk  . , .  ify . .  ness. 

Avidity avid . . eager ity . . ness. 

Brevity brev . .  short ity . .  ness.'' 

Celerity celev .  ■  swift ....  ity .  ■  ness. 

Felicity felir* . .  happy ....  ity . .  ness.'' 

Fidelity fidel . .  faithful ....  ity . .  ness. 

Quality qual . .  what  kind ....  ity . .  ness.^ 

Quant itf/ quaut.  .how  much. . .  .ity  ■  .ness. 

Rotund  if  ^ votund.  .round. . .  Aty  ■  .ness.*^ 

Sanctis?/ san  Ct . .  holy ....  ity . .  ness. 

Ur\ity un-  .one. . . .  ity .  .ness. 

Velocity veloc . .  swift ....  ity . .  ness. 

*  Therefore — since  l)7rvity\  is  the  soul  of  wit, 
And  tediousness  the  limbs  and  outward  flourishes — 
I  will  be  brief. — Shakespeare. 

^  Still  to  ourselves  in  every  place  consigned, 
Our  own  felicity  we  make  or  find. — Goldsmith. 

"  The  quality  of  mercy  is  not  strain'd; 
It  droppeth,  as  the  gentle  rain  from  heaven, 
Upon  the  place  beneath. — Shakespeare, 

^  From  whence  each  bright  rotun  dity  was  hurl'd, 
The  throne  of  God — the  centre  of  the  world  ' — Campbell. 

jr;^e=make. 

Qivili^e make  civil  (or  more  gentle).^ 

Familiari;^e ....  77iake  familiar. 
L,egalize make  legal. 

*  Felix  and  Felicva.  mean  the  Happy  Ones. 

T  But  his  past  life,  who  without  grief  can  see, 
Who  never  thinks  his  end  too  near, 
Rut  says  to  Fame,  thou  art  mine  heir ; 
That  man  extends  Life's  natural  brevity. 
This  is,  this  is  the  only  way 
To  outlive  Nestor  in  a  day. — Cowley. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  93 

Natural^;^!^ make  a  citizen  of  (and  therefore  as  one  natural 

or  native  to)  a  country. 
OsXrSiCize (to  shut  out  as  by  a  vote  oi) . . . ,  ostvac . . 

oyster  (shells).'' 

Pat'ronize to  treat  as  a.  pa' iron. 

Pulvert*;e (reduce  to) . . .  .pnlvev .  .powder. 

TantaU'i^e to  tease  (treat  like  Tantalus).'^ 

Vulcani;^e/ 

"  Pernicious  weed  !  whose  scent  the  fair  annoys, 
Unfriendly  to  society's  chief  joys, 
Thy  worst  efifect  is  banishing  for  hours 
The  sex  whose  presence  civilizes  ours. — Cowper, 

^  To  os'tracize  was  to  vote  into  banishment  with  oyster  shells^  a 
practice  which  prevailed  in  ancient  Athens.*  Hence,  to  ex' 
elude,  or  shut  out. 

"  To  ta?i'taiize  is  to  tease  or  torment  with  some  good  thing  in 
view,  but  out  of  reach  (like  the  punishment  of  Tan'taluSy  the 
mythical  king  of  Phrygia).f 

*  The  ostracism  was  devised  as  a  means  of  getting  rid  of  ambitious  men  who  had  be- 
come dangerous  to  the  freedom  of  the  state,  but  against  whom  no  formal  charges  could 
be  established  in  the  regular  courts.  Used  for  this  purpose,  it  was  a  means  of  good. 
But  it  was  often  perverted  to  the  gratification  of  envy  and  malice.  Aristides  had  become 
famous  in  the  service  of  his  country  in  the  most  important  period  of  its  history — the 
period  of  the  Persian  invasion,  and  of  the  dawn  of  the  golden  age  of  Pericles.  His  un- 
swerving integrity  gained  him  the  surname  of  The  Just.  Yet  this  upright  man  was  made 
a  victim  of  the  ostracism,  driven  from  his  country  by  unprincipled  competitors  who  wished 
him  out  of  the  way.  Passing  along  the  street,  the  great  martyr  was  accosted  by  a  lout 
with  an  oyster  shell  in  his  hand,  who  requested  him  to  write  thereon  the  name  of  Aris- 
tides. The  statesman  politely  assisted  at  his  own  condemnation  ;  but  he  questioned  the 
boor  as  to  what  evil  Aristides  had  done  him.  "  He  has  done  me  no  evil,"  he  replied,  "  but 
I  am  tired  of  hearing  him  called  The  Just." 

+  For  some  offense  to  the  gods,  Tantahts  was  punished  in  the  lower  world  by  baing 
placed  up  to  his  chin  in  a  lake  of  the  clearest  water ;  and  though  tortured  with  the  most 
intense  thirst,  the  water  would  always  recede  when  he  attempted  to  touch  it  witk  his  lips. 
He  was  teased,  moreover,  with  luscious  fruit  and  tempting  viands,  always  kept  before  hiS' 
hungry  eyes,  but  ever  beyond  his  reach. 

Medusa,  with  Gorgonian  terror,  guards 
The  ford,  and  of  itself  the  water  flies 
All  taste  of  living  wight ;  as  once  it  fled 
The  lips  of   Tantalus. — Milton. 


94  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

•^To  vulcanize  caoutchouc,  or  India-rubber,  is  to  combine  it 
with  sulphur  by  means  of  heat  (as  if  done  by  Vulcan,  the  god 
of  fire).* 

Ject^^cdiSt,    hurl,  throw. 

Abject cast ....  ffl) . .  from,  away.^ 

Dejected cast ....  de . .  down.'' 

Eject cast . . .  .e. . out. 

Inject cast ....  in . .  in. 

Object cast . . .  .oh ■  ■  against. ° 

Project cast. .    .jyvo.  .forward. 

Reject cast . . .  .ve. . back. 

[Adjective] tve.  .{a  word)  which  (is) . . .  .Ject.  .thrown 

.  .  .  .ad.  .to  (another  word).'' 
[Interjection]  ....  io7l . .  that  which  (is) . . .  .Ject . .  thrown .... 

iiltev .  .between,  among. "^ 
[Subject] cast ....  sub  ■  •  under. 

*  An  abject  person  is  of  low  condition  (as  if  cast  away,  or  out 
cast.) 

'Tis  done — but  yesterday  a  King! 

And  armed  with  Kings  to  strive, 
And  now  tiiou  art  a  nameless  thing  ; 

So  abject — yet  alive  ! — Byron. 

*  A  leading  task  of  Vulcan  was  to  forge  the  thunderbolts  of  Jove.  He  was  assisted  in  his 
labors  by  the  Cyclopes,  a  race  of  giants  having  each  but  a  single  eye  situated  in  the  middle 
of  the  forehead.  Vulcan  also  made  the  arms  and  armor  of  the  gods  and  demigods.  A 
noted  piece  of  work  of  this  kind  was  the  armor  of  Achilles,  made  at  the  solicitation  of 
his  mother,  the  nereid  Thetis.  The  description  of  this  armor,  and  especially  of  the  shield, 
forms  one  of  the  most  remarkable  passages  in  Homer's  "  Iliad."  The  armor  was  captured 
by  Hector  when  he  slew  Patroclus,  to  whom  it  had  been  lent  for  the  encounter.  It  was 
worn  by  Hector  when  he  was  slain  by  Achilles.  The  latter  detected  the  imperfect  joining 
at  the  neck,  and  through  it  drove  his  spear.  On  the  death  of  Achilles  the  inheritance  of 
his  armor  became  the  subject  of  a  furious  contest  between  Ulysses  and  Ajax.  Being 
awarded  to  the  former  by  the  voice  of  the  assembled  Greeks,  Ajax  was  seized  with  mad- 
ness, and,  after  committing  various  atrocities,  finally  killed  himself.  This  episode  is  the 
theme  of  "  The  Ajax,"  one  of  the  great  tragedies  of  Sophocles.  Vulcan  was  supposed  to 
have  his  forge  in  Mt.  Etna,  and  its  great  eruptions  of  smoke  and  flame  were  thus  ac- 
counted for 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  95 

^  But  ah  !  what  dejec' tion  that  foliage  expresses, 

Which  pensively  droops  on  her  breast  ! 
The  dew  of  the  evening  has  laden  her  tresses, 

And  stands  like  a  tear  on  her  crest. — Jane  Taylor. 

''An  (?/5yVr/ is  something  r^i-/ before  (or  against)  our  atten- 
tion.    To  object'  is  as  if  to  hurl  against  what  we  dislike. 

^  An  adjective  is  added  (as  if  throw?t)  to  a  noun  or  other 
word  to  increase  its  meaning  or  limit  it. 

®  An  ittterjec' tion  is  thrown  loosely  in  among  the  words  that 
constitute  a  sentence, 

e7lf^*= swear. 

Ab/t*f  e swear ....  ah . .  from  (or  away).* 

Kdjur^ swear ...  .ad-  .toy 

Conjure . .  .  swear   . . .  co)l .  ■  together.*' 

tTuroT or.  .one  who  (is). . .  .Jar.  .swear  (sworn). 

Jury a  body  of  sworn  men. 

Perjure to  swear. .  .-iJer.  .through  (or  beyond  the  truth).  ^ 

^  One  may  abjure'  {swear  away)  the  use  of  intoxicating 
liquors,  tobacco,  or  any  other  injurious  indulgence. 

I  put  myself  to  thy  direction,  and 
Unspeak  mine  own  detraction;  here  abjure 
The  taints  and  blames  I  laid  upon  myself. 
For  strangers  to  my  nature. —  Shakespeare. 

^  Joshua  adjured  (spoke  to  with  an  oath  or  solemn  invocation) 
the  sun  to  stand  still  on  Gideon. 

'^  To  conjure'  is  to  make  a  solemn  and  urgent  appeal  (as  in 

swearitig  persons  together,  or  binding  them  by  oath).* 

Macb.   I  conjure  you,  by  that  which  you  profess 
(Howe'er  you  come  to  know  it),  answer  me. — ii^axespeare. 


♦Art  thou  that  traitor-angel,  art  thou  he, 
Who  first  broke  peace  in  heaven,  and  faith,  till  the  • 
Unbroken  ;  and  in  proud  rebellious  arms 
Drew  after  him  the  third  part  of  heaven's  sons. 
Conjured'  against  the  Highest. — Milton. 


96  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  Perjury,  perjury,  in  the  high'st  degree. 
Murder,  stern  murder,  in  the  direst  degree; 
All  several  sins,  all  used  in  each  degree, 
Throng  to  the  bar,  crying  all — Guilty  !  guilty!* — Shakespeare 

Lctt^^CdLrry,  carried,   bear. 

"DUatQ carry . . .  .di. . apart. 

Elate carry . . .  .e. . out  (or  up). 

legislate carry  (forward)  (or  make) . . .  .leg.  .law.* 

Oblate carried . .  .  .oh . . against  (toward).'' 

Prelate carried. . .  .j)TC  .before.^ 

Prolate carried. . .  .2)i'0.  .forward.*^ 

Re^a^e carry .  .  .  .re.  ■  back. 

Super^ct^ive ive.  .being.  . .  .lat.  .carried  ....  supev . 

over  (all  the  rest). 
Trans^a^e carry ....  trails  ■ .  across.® 


*  Edina  !  Scotia's  darling  seat  ! 

All  hail  thy  palaces  and  tow'rs, 
Where  once  beneath  a  monarch's  feet. 

Sat  Legislations  sov'reign  pow'rs  ! — Burnt. 

^  An  oblate'  spheroid,  like  the  earth,  is  flattened  at  the  poles 
(and  is  as  if  its  poles  were  cai-ried  against,  or  toward,  each  other). 
*^  A  prelate  is  a   bishop  who  is  elevated  over  (or  carried  be- 
fore) others  in  the  church. 

^  h. pro  late  spheroid  is  extended  (or  carried  forward')  along 
the  axis. 

*  And  faith  beholds  the  dying  here 
Trafislat' ed  to  that  happier  sphere. — Montgomery. 

To  them  (in  those  old  razor-ridden  days) 

My  beard  translated  me  to  hostile  French. — Lowell. 

*  f  rue  honest  men  being  heard,  like  false  ^neas, 
Were,  in  his  time,  thought  false  :  and  Sinon's  weeping 
Did  scandal  many  a  holy  tear,  took  pity 
F'-'im  most  true  wretchedness:    So  thou,  Posthumus, 
Wilt  lay  the  leaven  on  all  proper  men  ; 
Goodly  and  gallant  shall  be  false  2.^^  per'jttred. 
From  thy  great  fail.     Come,  fellow,  be  thou  honest. — Shakespeart. 


c 


WIIA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  97 

Lav,  lau,  Hi,  liiv,  lut =w2ish. 

Jjave to  bathe  (or  wash).'^ 

Luvsi the  great  molten  wash  from  a  volcano. 

iat^ender, a   plant  frequently  laid     in    freshly  washed 

linen.'* 
Xttif  ndress lati . .  wash   and  . .  ing ress . . 

(woman). 

JJClundry the  place  of  the  lamidress. 

h.hlut\ox\. wash. . .  .ion.  -ing. .  ..ah.  .from  (or  away) 

AUif  i'ial al  {ad) . .  to . . . .  (made  by  the    washing  of 

streams).^ 
AntediZifi^ian ante . .  before ....  (the  deluge  or  great) 

Iwv . .  wash ....  io}l . .  ing   . . .  di . .  apart. 
Deluge  {diliivi)  .wash. . .  .di.  .apart.'^ 
Dilute wash ....  di . .  apart.' 

*  Pure  stream  in  whose  transparent  wave 
My  youthful  limbs  I  wont  to  laz>e. — Smollet. 

^  Sweet  lavender!  I  love  thy  flower 

Of  meek  and  modest  blue, 
Which  meets  the  morn  and  evening  hour, 
The  storm,  the  sunshine,  and  the  shower. 

And  changeth  not  its  hue. — Miss  Strickland. 

'^  One's  daily  ablu'tions  are  the  washings  of  his  skin. 

^  Allu'vial  soil  is  deposited  (or  washed  together)  by  water. 

®  For  this  the  conqueror  rears 

The  arch  of  triumph  !  and  for  this  the  tears 

And  blood  of  earth  flow  on  as  they  have  flow'd, 

An  universal  del'uge,  which  appears 

Without  an  ark  for  wretched  man's  abode. 
And  ebbs  but  to  reflow  ! — Renew  thy  rainbow,  God  ! — Byron, 
^  Water  dilutes'  milk  (or  washes  apart  its  substance). 

ie</,  ^ecf^gather,  choose. 

Collect gather ....  col  (con) . .  together. 

Elect choose ....  e ..  out.* 

7 


98  tVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

intellect choose ....  Intel  {uifei') . .  between.'* 

Neglect nef/  {nee),  .not led. . gather. •= 

Select choose. . .  .se.  .aside,  apart.'' 

Elegant (worthy  of  being)  chosen  .  .  .  .e. . out  * 

Eh'f/ible I  if/  {leg) .  .choose. . .  .e.  .out. . .  .ible.  .able. 

Legion ?ef/.  .gather ion  .  •ing.*' 

Sacri^e^e gather ....  sacr . .  sacred  (things).^ 

*  With  these,  that  never  fade,  the  spirits  e/ect' 
Bind  their  resplendent  locks. — Mi/ton. 

That  nought  but  angels'  foot,  or  saints,  elect 
Of  God,  may  venture  there  to  walk. — Pollok. 

^  Our   it^tellect  enables    us    to    distinguish    {choose    between) 
things. 

•=  Pity  the  sandal'd  swain,  the  shepherd's  boy; 
He  sighs  to  brighten  a  neglect' ed  name; 
Foe  to  the  dull  applause  of  vulgar  joy. 
He  mourns  his  lot;  he  wishes,  merits,  fame. — Shenstone. 

^  And  they  in  France,  of  the  best  rank  and  station, 
Are  most  select'  and  generous,  chief  in  that. — Shakespeare. 

^  An  el'egant  thing  is  most  likely  to  be  sought  out.* 

This  elegant  rose,  had  I  shaken  it  less. 

Might  have  bloom'd  with  its  owner  awhile; 

And  the  tear  that  is  wip'd,  with  a  little  address. 
May  be  follow'd,  perhaps,  by  a  smile.  —  Coivper. 

'^A   legion  was  a  large  division    (or  gathering)   of  Roman 
soldiers. 

His  legions,  angel  forms,  who  lay  intranced. 
Thick  as  autumnal  leaves  that  strew  the  brooks 
In  Vallombrosa,  where  the  Etrurian  shades. 
High  over  arch'd,  imbower. — Milton. 

s  Any  violence  to  sacred  things  is  sacrilege  (just  as  if  one 
should  collect  and  take  away  sacred  things  as  plunder). 

*  An  elegant  sufficiency,  content,  (, 

Retirement,  rural  quiet,  friendship,  books, 
Ease  and  alternate  labor,  useful  life. 
Progressive  virtue,  and  approving  Heaven; 
These  are  the  matchless  joy  of  virtuous  love. —  Thomson. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  99 

Leg,  Xecf=read. 

Legible read ible . .  able.^ 

Legend a  romantic  story  (such  as  may  be  read  in 

books).'' 

Lectnre an  address  (usually  read)." 

Lesson a  task  (such  as  a.  reading  in  a  text-book).'' 

[Lection] a  passage  selected  for  reading. 

»  Mark  how  the  labyrinthian  turns  they  take, 
The  circles  intricate,  and  mystic  maze, 
Weave  the  grand  cipher  of  omnipotence; 
To  gods,  how  great!  how  legible  to  man. —  Young. 

^  Thus  informed, 
He  had  small  need  of  books;  for  many  a  tale 
Traditionary  round  the  mountains  hung, 
And  many  a  leg  end,  peopling  the  dark  woods, 
Nourished  Imagination  in  her  growth. —  Wordsworth, 

Marvelled  the  Duchess  how  so  well 

His  leg'endary  song  could  tell 

Of  ancient  deeds  so  long  forgot. — Scott. 

«  Oft,  as  he  turn'd  the  greensward  with  his  spade, 
He  lectured  every  youth  that  round  him  play'd; 
^nd  calmly  pointing  where  our  fathers  lay, 
Roused  us  to  rival  each,  the  hero  of  his  day. — Rogers. 
*  Thou'rt  gone,  the  abyss  of  heaven 
Hath  swallowed  up  thy  form;  yet  on  my  heart 
Deeply  hath  sunk  the  les  son  thou  hast  given. 

And  shall  not  soon  A&'^&xX..— Bryant  ("  To  a  Water  Fowl"). 

Xef= little. 

Bal?e# little ....  hal . .  ball,  dance. 

BraceZef little brace* . .  arm. 

Corslet little cors . .  body.'' 

Fillet little fil.. thread,  band. 


♦  To  emirace  is  to  take  into  the  arms.     A  trace  consists  of  two  arms. 


100  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 


j- little gant  ■ .  glove.* 


Gantlet      ^ ,.^^,^  riri/iif    .  crlov^  b 

Gaunt^e^ 

Hamlet little ham . .  home,  town.'' 

Ring^eif /itf^e  ring.^ 

Rivu^e^ little ....  viv . .  stream. 

*  A  cors'let  is  a  little  piece  of  armor  to   protect  the  front  of 
the  body. 

*■  In  sign  of  truce,  his  better  hand 
Displayed  a  peeled  willow  wand: 
His  squire,  attending  in  the  rear, 
Bore  high  2i  gaunt! let  on  a  spear. — Scott. 

<=  At  the  close  of  the  day  when  the  ham' let  is  still 
And  mortals  the  sweets  of  forgetfulness  prove, 
When  naught  but  the  torrent  is  heard  on  the  hill, 
And  naught  but  the  nightingale's  song  in  the  grove. 

— Beattie. 

''  A  ring'let  is  a  little  ring.     Hence,  especially,  a  curl  (or  rijig) 
of  hair. 

Xei^=lift,  raise,  rise. 

Lever a  lifter. 

Leciv&n that  which  raises  (bread). 

Levy a  raising  (of  tax  or  soluiers).* 

Levant the    eastern    part    of    the    Mediterranean 

(where  the  sun  rises). 
Levee a  reception    (such    as    one   gives    in    the 

morning,  when  he  rises).*^ 

Elevate lift . . .  .e . . out  (or  up).° 

Relieve lift ....  7^e . .  again. 

•  In  ancient  Rome  it  was  an  invariable  practice  among  men  of  wealth  and  station  to  hold 
a  reception  immediately  upon  rising  in  the  morning.  Those  who  desired  the  great  man's 
influence  or  wished  any  immediate  favors  from  him  were  careful  to  be  present  at  his /^I'i-^. 
They  professed  to  come  for  advice ;  and  because  of  being  good  listeners  were  called  his 

clients  (cli.  .listen ent .  .ing).     Hence,  the  term  cli'cnt  is  now  applied  to  one  who  seeks 

the  advice  or  aid  of  a  lawyer. 


WHA  T   PVOJiDS  SA  V.  101 

*  Again,  if  any  Syracusan  born 
Come  to  the  bay  of  Ephesus,  he  dies, 
His  goods  confiscate  to  the  duke's  dispose; 
Unless  a  thousand  marks  be  levied* 
To  quit  the  penalty,  and  to  ransom  him. — Shakespeare. 

^  A  levee'  is  a  ceremonious  visit  or  assemblage  (originally  held 
only  in  the  morning  or  soon  after  ?-ising).  A  lev'ee  is  an  em- 
bankment thrown  up  {raised)  on  the  side  of  a  river  to  prevent 
inundation. 

*=  The  elevation  of  the  mind  ought  to  be  the  principal  end  of  all  our 
studies;  which,  if  they  do  not  in  some  measure  effect,  they  will  prove  of 
very  little  service  to  us. — Burke. 

Li,  Lig =b\nd. 

Ligament that  which  l?i/ids  the  bones  together. 

JjigsLtxire a  da/idage. 

Ally bind al  (ad) . .  to.* 

League a  ^ond  of  union. ^ 

i'iable capable  of  being  held  (or  bound'). 

Lien a  binding  hold  on  property  to   enforce  the 

payment  of  a  debt. 
Ohlige bind . . .  .oh . . against. 

'^  Rulers  and  nations  often  bind  themselves  to  each  other  for 
specific  purposes,  especially  for  carrying  on  a  war  against 
some  other  country.  They  are  then  said  to  be  allied'  and 
each  becomes  the  ally'  of  the  other. 

^  Let  then  this  league  betwixt  us  made. 
Our  mutual  interest  guard; 
Mine  be  the  gift  of  fruit  and  shade, 
Your  songs  be  my  reward. — Graves. 

*  Most  fair  return  of  greetings  and  desires, 
Upon  our  first,  he  sent  out  to  suppress 
His  nephew's  le'Z''ies,  which  to  him  appear'd 
To  be  a  preparation  'gainst  the  Polacks. — Shakespeare. 

Unnumbered  as  the  sands 
Of  Barca,  or  Gyrene's  torrid  soil, 
Lez''ied  to  side  with  warring  winds  and  poise 
Tlieir  lighter  wings. — Milton. 


103  WHA  T   WORDS  SA  Y. 

Lifien made  oi  flax.^ 

Li itseed ^ax  seed. 

Lhinet the  bird  that  feeds  on  ^ax  seed." 

Lining an  inside  covering  (as  of  lineti). 

Lint made  of  scraped  line?i. 

/v/i^sey-woolsey..made  of  linefi  and  wool. 
Line a  mark  (like  a  thread  oi  flax). 

*  It's  not  the  linen  you're  wearing  out, 
But  human  creatures'  lives. — Hood. 

^  Linnets,  with  unnumber'd  notes, 
And  the  cuckoo  bird  with  two, 
Tuning  sweet  their  mellow  throats. 

Bid  the  setting  sun  adieu. — Cunningham. 

Loc,  Z/ei/^= place. 


.  a 


JLoca\ belonging  to  a  particular //a^^.^ 

JL/Ocate to  fix  upon  o.  place. 

iocomotion motion  (from) .  .  .  .loc  .place.'' 

Xocomotive that  which  has  locomotion. 

Dislocate ate . .  (put) dis . .  apart  (or  out  of) 

loc.  .place. 

Lieu place,  stead  (as  in  lieu  thereof ).° 

i/eif  tenant ten  ■  •  hold ....  ant . .  ing ....  (when  neces- 
sary the) . . .  .lieu,  .place  (of  the  captain). 

*The  poet's  eye,  in  a  fine  frenzy  rolling, 
Doth  glance  from  heaven  to  earth,  from  earth  to  heaven; 
And,  as  imagination  bodies  forth 
The  forms  of  things  unknown,  the  poet's  pen 
Turns  them  to  shapes,  and  gives  to  airy  nothings 
A  to'cat  habitation  and  a  name. — Shakespeare. 

**  A  locomo'tive  has  locofuotion,  or  the  power  of  moving  from  its 
place. 


WHA  T   WOFDS  SA  V.  108 

'This  king  of  Naples,  being  an  enemy 
To  me  inveterate,  hearkens  my  brother's  suit; 
Which  was,  that  he,  in  lieu  o'  the  premises — 
Of  homage,  and  I  know  not  how  much  tribute — 
Should  presently  extirpate  me  and  mine 
Out  of  the  dukedom,  and  confer  fair  Milan, 
With  all  the  honors,  on  my  brother. — Shakespeare, 

Loqii,    locut=speak,  talk. 

Loquacious talk acious  .  ative.^ 

Circumfocution..locut.  .talk ion..ing circum  . . 

around. 

Colloquy talk . . .  .y .  .ing. . .  .col  {con) . . together. 

Eloquent loq  it  ■■  speak ent.. ing e..out.*' 

Obloquy loqii.. speak //--ing ob-  .against. 

Soliloquy loqit.  .speak 2/--ing so?.. alone. 

[Inter^oci/^or]. .  .or.  .one  who locut  ■ .  speaks    (or  asks 

questions) intei'.  .between  (the  replies). 

*  A  loqua'cious  person  is  very  talkative. 

*>  An  el'oquent  man  speaks  {put )  with  persuasive  power. 
As  when  of  old  some  orator  renown'd. 
In  Athens,  or  free  Rome,  where  eloquence 
Flourish'd,  since  mute,  to  some  great  cause  address'd, 
Stood  in  himself  collected,  while  each  part. 
Motion,  each  act,  won  audience  ere  the  tongue, 
Sometimes  in  height  began,  as  no  delay 
Or  preface  brooking  through  his  zeal  of  right. — Milton. 

Ltld,    ^l^S=play,  sport,  mock. 

Allude sport al{ad) . .  at.'' 

Delude mock ^cfrom." 

Elude mock cout--^ 

Il^l^sion mock iou.  .ing il{iu.) . .into  {or  at). '^ 


104  WHA  T  WOUDS  SA  Y. 


e 


Lud'icrons   sport. . .  .icrous.  .ive/ 

Prelude play .  . .  .jtTe. . before/ 

[Collude] play  (or  connive) ....  co^l  ■  ■  with  ^ 

^  We  allude  to  anything  when  we  make  slight  reference  to 
it  (as  if  pointing  at  it  in  a  light  or  sportive  manner). 
''  To  delude'  is  to  mislead  (as  if  in  mockery). 

Oh  !  yet,  ye  dear,  delud'ing  visions  stay  ! 

Fond  hopes,  of  innocence  and  fancy  born  ! 
For  you  I'll  cast  these  waking  thoughts  away, 

For  one  wild  dream  of  life's  romantic  morn. — Langhorne. 

"  To  elude'  is  to  slip  out  slyly  (as  if  7nocking). 

^  An  illusion  deceives  (as  if  mocking  at  us). 

Love  mourns  its  early  dead; 
Hope  its  ilht'sions  fled, 

Or  rudely  slain. — Charles  Mackay. 

*  A  lu'dicrous  thing  causes  laughter  (as  if  it  were  done  in 
sport). 

^  K  prel'ude  to  a  piece  of  music,  is  an  introductory  strain 
{^played before  the  beginning  of  the  principal  theme). 

^  To  collude'  is  to  agree  with  another  to  deceive  (as  if  to 
mock  at  those  imposed  upon). 

i^f"(Xr/>^= great. 

Magnliy ft-  make inafjn . .  great. 

llaf/nate a  great  person. 

3raf/nitude great itude  ■  •  ness. 

Mnffiuf^cent fie    {fae) . .  make ent  . .  ing 

niaf/n. .  great. "- 
Waf/naminous OUS.  .having tfiagfl. .  great 

awiiit.  .spirit,  mind,  soul.^ 

^  A  magnificent  thing  causes  (or  makes)  a  great  impression. 
^  A  person  is  magnan! imous  who  has  the  great?iess  of  ?nind  or 
soul  to  forgive  an  injury. 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  105 

Mal=h?id,  ill,  evil. 

3£<llady .a  form  of  /7/ness. 

3T(ila.ria bad  air. 

il>f«7ediction diet.  ■  say iofl.  Ang  ....  ')nal.  .evil 

(things). 

3TaUce bad ....  lee . .  ness.^ 

iLr«7practice bad  practice. 

3£altreat /reat  ill. 


a 


[ii!fa?apert] nial .  .bad(ly). . .  .apert.  .opened 


b 


*  Speak  of  me  as  I  am;  nothing  extenuate, 
Nor  set  down  aught  in  malice:  then  must  you  speak 
Of  one  that  l^^ved  not  wisely,  but  too  well. — Shakespeare. 

''A  mal'apert  person  is  saucy  (he  opens  his  mouth  to  say  ///  or 
improper  things). 


Man,  Ji«iJl=hand.     * 

Amatmensis en  sis . .  one    who   (writes) ........  with 

(the). ..  .man.  .hand.'' 

3fa7iac\e that  which  confines  the  Aand  {s). 

JKanage to  Aandle. 

]\faniiest (apparent,  as  if ) .  .  .  ./est.  .struck  (w  ith 

the) . .    .man.  .hand." 
Waneii'ver  )            j  (a  skillful  piece  of ) . . .  .man.  .hand(i) 
3J[anceu'vre  )           *  (       ...  .wuvv.  .work. 
JManniactuve. ure.  .that  which  (is) . . .  .fact,  .made 

(as  if ) ....  if ..  by ... .  man . .  hand. 
M^annscYi^t scrijyt  . .  written     (  by )  ....  man  . . 

hand. 

JlfV/tiumit mit{t) .  .send  (out  of ) .  .  .  .mail.  hand.<^ 

Emancipate '. .  eipat  {eapt) . .  take . . .  .e.  ■  out  of ... . 

man.  .hand.*^ 


106  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

3£ainta.[n tain   {ten) . .  hold    (as    with  the) 

num.  .hand. 
l^&g&vditniain leget'* .  .light . . . .  de.  .oi. . .  .main. . 

hand.® 

*  An  amanuensis  writes  {im'f/i  his  hand)  what  another  dictates. 

''  For  it  appears  by  manifest  proceeding, 
That,  indirectly,  and  directly  too, 
Thou  hast  contrived  against  the  very  life 
Of  the  defendant  — Shakespeare. 

•^  To  fnanuniit'  a  slave  is  to  set  him  -free  [send  him  out  of 
hand  or  control). 

^  To  emati cipate  a  slave  is  to  set  him  free  [take  him  out  of  the 
hand  ol  an  owner). 

*And  that,  distill'd  by  magic  sleights, 
Shall  raise  such  artificial  sprites. 
As,  by  the  strength  of  their  illusion, 
Shall  draw  him  on  to  bis  confusion. — Shakespeare. 


Mar,  Tueer,  7}ter=sG3.,  lake. 

3Tavine belonging  to  the  sea. 

iH/cf/j'iner one  who  follows  the  sea.^ 

Subniai'ine.. .  .inc.  .being. .  .  .sub   .under. . .  .mar.  .(the) 

sea. 
Trans^fc<*^Mne . .  ine . .  being  ....  trans . .  across,  beyond .... 

mar.  .(the)  sea. 
'Ros&mary  ....  sea ....  ros . .  dew.'' 
MeerschaMm .  .  sea ....  scJiaum, .  .  foam.*= 

]l£ermaid the  ma/d  of  the  lake  or  sea.^ 

M^ere\ a  /ake. 

lifarsh a  place  full  of  little  pools  (or  lakes). 


*  The  lefcer-Vmc  in  music  is  the  light  line  above  or  below  the  staff. 
+  Hence  the  names  Grasswt-rt-,  Winder7«f?-<?,  etc.,  applied  to  lakes. 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  107 

»  On  thy  unaltering  blaze 
The  half-wrecked  mar' iue7\  his  compass  lost, 

Fixes  his  steady  gaze, 
And  steers,  undoubting,  to  the  friendly  coast. — Bryant. 

"  Rose'mary  is  a  plant  found  near  the  borders  of  the  sea. 
•=  Meer' sc/iaum   is   a   substance  so  white   and  light   as   to  be 
compared  to  the.  foam  of  the  sea. 

^  Her  gentlewomen,  like  the  Nereides, 
So  many  mer' maids,  tended  her  i'  the  eyes, 
And  made  their  bends  adornings;  at  the  helm 
A  seeming  mermaid*  steers. — Shakespeare. 

3Ient=that  which. 

AVifnent that  which. .  .  .al.  .nourish(es).^ 

Basement that  which  (is) . . .  .bassf .  .low  (down). 

Casemeflt ^/laf  luhich  encases  (as   the  frame  of  a  window). 

Viocwment that    which. .  .  .doc  .teach(es)   (or  gives  in- 
formation.) 

Fragwietif that  which  (is).  .  .  .frag .  .break  (broken). J 

Garment that  which  .  .  .  .gar{n)  .  .averts  (or  protects). 

'hlonvi'tneflt . . .  .that  which. .  .  .moil,  .remind(s).^ 

Ornament that  which.  .  .  .om.  .adorn(s). 

Raiment //^«/  in  ivhich  one  is  arrayed  (or  clothed).' 

^e^\}7ient that  which  (is) ....  reg . .  rule(d)   (or  ordered 

about). 


*  ril  drown  more  sailors  than  the  mermaid  shall ; 
ril  slay  more  gazers  than  the  basilisk  ; 
I'll  play  the  orator  as  well  as  Nestor, 
Deceive  more  slily  than  Ulysses  could, 
And,  like  a  Sinon,  take  another  Troy. — Shakespeare. 

t  A  bass-\o\c^  is  a  /tiif-pitched  voice.     i;rt.s-j--relief  is  low  relief  (as  the  sculpture  on  the 

Farragut  monument) 

X  No,  Freedom,  no,  I  will  not  tell 
How  Rome,  before  thy  weeping  face. 
With  heaviest  sound,  a  giant-statue,  fell, 
Pushed  by  a  wild  and  artless  race 
From  off  its  wide  ambitious  base. 
When  Time  his  northern  sons  of  spoil  awoke. 
And  all  the  blended  work  of  strength  and  grace. 
With  many  a  rude  repeated  stroke. 
And  many  a  barbarous  yell,  to  XhonsSiVid^  frag' menis  broke. — Collim. 


108  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

*  The  sun,  that  light  imparts  to  all,  receives 
From  all  his  aliment' al  recompense 

In  humid  exhalations;  and  at  even 
Sups  with  the  ocean.— yJ/tV/^w. 

^  What  are  nion  timents  of  bravery 
Where  no  public  virtues  bloom  ? 
What  avail  in  lands  of  slavery, 

Trophied  temples,  arch  and  tomb  1— Campbell. 

Virtue  alone  outbuilds  the  pyramids; 

Her  moniDiients*  shall  last  when  Egypt's  fall. —  Young. 

•=  And  why  take  ye  thought  for  raiment?  Consider  the  lilies  of  the  field, 
how  they  grow  ;  they  toil  not,  neither  do  they  spin: 

And  yet  I  say  unto  you.  That  even  Solomon  in  all  his  glory  was  not 
arrayed'  like  one  of  these. — Matt.  vi.  28-29. 

i|[i'^/»C= merchandise,  trade,  deal. 

Coxtvnierc^ ....  trade ...  com  (coii) . .  together, 
illfei'cantile . . .  .ile.  .pertaining to.. .  .^<,e/*C.. trade.  ...ant.. 

ing. 
iHfet'Cenary ....  a   hireling    (who   makes    merchandise  of    his 

service. 

][fevchant a  trader  (or  dealer). 

IKevcy forgiveness  (a  dealing  with  kindly). 

JKarh&t a  trading  place. 

Mart short  for  market. 

[JHet'cer] a  trader  (or  dealer)  in  cloth. 

\JMevcwry\  \. .  . the  god  of  trade. 

*  Not  marble,  not  the  gilded  iiioti!i»ienis 

Of  princes,  shall  outlive  this  powerful  rhyme. — Shakespeare. 

Your  tnonutiient  shall  be  mv  gentle  verse, 

Which  eyes  not  yet  created  shall  o'er-read. 
And  tongues  to  be,  your  being  shall  rehearse. 

When  all  the  breathers  of  this  world  are  dead : 
You  still  shall  live  (such  virtue  hath  my  pen). 
Where  breath  most  breathes — even  in  the  mouths  of  men. — lb. 
Thou  art  a  inonnmtmt  without  a  tomb. 
And  art  alive  still,  while  thy  book  doth  live, 
And  we  have  wits  to  read,  and  praise  to  give. 

—Ben  JoHson  (on  Shakespeare). 

+  Mercury  was  also  the  swift-winged  messenger  of  the  gods. 

A  station  like  the  herald  Mer'cnry 

New  lighted  on  a  heaven-kissing  hill. — Shakespeare. 

After  this  speedy  messenger  was  named  the  sivi/tly  moving  planet  nearest  the  sun, 
and  the  liquid  metal  vu-ycury  or  y«zV/iSilver,  which  has  so  many  important  uses. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  109 

i)[f",efe^*= measure. 

'^tasovifietev ....  measure  (of  the) ....  hav^ . .  weight  (of  the 
atmosphere). f 

Q\irono7iieter . .cJivon  .  .time. . .  .meter,  .measure. 

Ttianietev (the)    measure ....  dia .  ■  through,    or   across 

(the  circle). 

Gasofiieter. ...  a  gas  measure. 

G&onietvy (the  science  used  in  surveying,  or)  measur- 
ing. .  .  .{fe.  .the  earth. 

Yiydvoinetet'..  .Jiydr .  .water. . .  .meter .  .measure. 

L,2iCtorneter  . . .  lact . .  milk ....  meter . .  measure. 

Thermometer .  therm . .  heat ....  meter . .  measure. 


il[jr^:^»= wonder,  behold. 

31  trade acle.  .that  which  (excites)...  .wii^*.. wonder.* 

Jllr&ge. age-. that  which  (is). ..  .iit//*.  .behold  (be- 
held)." 

Mirror or. .  that    (in)    which     (to) mir  ■  ■  behold 

(or  see).*^ 

Admire wonder  (approvingly) ud.  .at.*^ 

3£cirve\ a  7i'c>nderiu\  occurrence. 

*  A  mir'acle  is  an  event  happening  contrary  to  established 
laws  of  nature  {that  at  zvhich  we  are  compelled  to  wonder). 

^  A  mirage'  (pr.  meh-rahz/i)  is  an  optical  illusion  in  which  the 
reflection  of  distant  objects  is  be/uid,  and  which  causes  them 
to  appear  suspended  in  the  air.| 

A  desert-born  mirage  of  spire  and  dome. — Lowell. 

*  A  Sarytone  is  a  heavy  (or  weighty)  male  voice  (or  tone')  between  the  tenor  and  the  bass. 

t  The  mercury  in  the  barom'eter  falls  or  rises  in  accordance  with  the  iveight  or  pressure 
of  the  atmosphere.  The  falling  of  the  barometer  indicates  the  approach  of  rain  or  storm, 
whereas  a  rising  barometer  indicates  the  approach  of  settled  weather. 

X  It  is  often  observed  at  sea,  where  a  distant  ship  seems  sailing  in  the  sky  ;  and  in  the 
desert,  where  it  often  presents  the  appearance  of  a  beautiful  lake,  bordered  with  trees, 
and  thus  sometimes  deceives  the  thirsty  traveler  who  expects  to  find  in  it  the  refreshment 
he  so  much  needs. 


110  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

*  It  is  the  mirror*  of  the  stars,  where  all 
Their  hosts  within  the  concave  firmament, 
Gay  marching  to  the  music  of  the  spheres, 
Can  see  themselves  at  once. — Campbell. 

^  To  admire'  is  to  regard  with  pleasure  or  approbation  akin 
to  wonder.     The  word  originally  meant  to  wonder  at. 

Miss =send, 

JMTissive that  which  is  sent. 

3fis,sion that  on  which  one  is  sent. 

3fissi\e .that  which  is  hurled  (or  sent)  forth. 

Com  mission ion . .  that  which  (is)  ....  iiilss . .  sent  .... 

com  {eon),  .with.^' 

Dismiss . .  send ....  dis . .  apart,  away. 

Intermission ion.  .that  which  (is) miss  . .  sent 

intev . .  between.^ 

Message ...    that  which  is  sent. 

Promise send . . .  .pro  ■ .  forth  (or  ahead).® 

Remiss sent  . . .  re . .  back.'' 

Sunnise send  ....  suv . .  over.^ 

*  The   giver  of  a  commis' sion  sends  with  a  departing  person 

some  duty  to  be  discharged  on  the  way.    Hence,  a  commission 

is  a  charge  or  trust. 

He  bore  his  great  commission  in  his  look  ; 

But  sweetly  temper'd  awe  ;  and  soften'd  all  he  spoke. — Drydcn. 

^  An  intermis' sion  is  a  break  (as  if  sent  in  between  two  periods 

of  action). 

And  I  did  laugh,  sans  intermission. 
An  hour  by  his  dial.  —  Shakespeare. 

•^When  vie  prom' isev^e  send  forth  our  word  ahead  oi  action  or 
performance. 

*  Thou  glorious  mirror,  where  the  Almighty's  form 
Glasses  itself  in  tempests  ! — Byron. 

How  glorious  is  thy  girdle  cast 

O'er  mountain,  tower  and  town, 
Or  mirrored  in  the  ocean  vast, 

A  thousand  fathoms  ^o^rx\— Campbell  (The  Rainbow). 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  Ill 

That  keep  the  word  oi  promise*  to  the  ear, 
And  break  it  to  the  hope.  —  Shakespeare. 

^  We  are  remiss'  when  we  are  slack  in  the  discharge  of  duty 
(as  if  sending  back  the  rope  which  should  be   pulled   forward). 

'  A  surmise'  is  a  ventured  explanation  {sent  over  something 
that  has  happened). 


Mi  t  {7ni  ft)  =  se  n  d. 

Admit send  ...  .ad.  .to  (or  forward).* 

Comf nit send  ....  com  {con) . .  with.^ 

Emit send . . .  .e . . out. 

Intermittent itiltt . .  send ....  ent . .  ing ....  inter  . .  he^ 

tween.*^ 

Omit send . . . .  o  {oh) . .  against  (or  away).** 

Per tnit send. . .  .jjet'.  .through. 

Remit send . .  . .  re. . back. 

Submit send ....  snb .  .  under.^ 

Transmit send trans . .  across.^ 

^  When  we  admit'  a  person  to  a  house  we  allow  him  to  enter 
(as  if  sending  him  /"<9r'Z£'rt';v/ through  the  entrance). 

''We  commit'  a  thing  to  the  safe  keeping  of  another  when  we 
send  it  wit/i  him.  Hence,  to  do  is  called  committing;  as  to  com- 
mit an  offense. 

■^  All  night  the  surges  of  the  warm  southwest 
Boomed  intermit' tent  \  through  the  shuddering  elms. — Lowell. 

*  Oh  then  how  beautiful,  how  bright,  appeared 
The  written /?(;w//it/     Early  had  he  learned 
To  reverence  the  volume  that  displays 
The  mystery,  the  life  which  cannot  die  ; 
But  in  the  mountains  did  he  feel  his  iahh.—  lVort^suiarth. 

All  Love's  dear /?-o II! ! St'  hath  been  kept. 

Since  thou  to  me  wert  given  ; 
A  ladder  for  my  soul  to  climb. 

And  summer  high  in  heaven. — Gerald  Massey. 

+  And  from  this  chasm,  with  ceaseless  turmoil  seething, 
As  if  this  earth  in  fast  thick  pants  were  breathing, 
A  mighty  fountain  momently  was  forced  ; 
Amid  whose  swift  haM-info-iiiiited  burst 
Huge  fragments  vaulted  like  rebounding  hail, 


11:3  WHAT  PFOA'DS  SAY. 

•^  To  owi/'  a  thing  is  to  leave  it  out,  or  let  it  go  (as  if  sending 
it  away). 

There  is  a  tide  in  the  affairs  of  men 

Which,  taken  at  the  flood,  leads  on  to  fortune  ; 

Omitted,  all  the  voyage  of  their  life 

Is  bound  in  shallows  and  in  miseries. — Shakespeare. 

^  When  we  submit'  to  the  will  of  another  we  se?id  (or  place) 
ourselves  under  his  authority.  When  we  submit  a  matter  for 
the  consideration  of  another  we  send  it  iinaer  his  attention. 

^  Every  countenance,  bright  with  smiles,  and  glowing  with  innocent  en- 
joyment, is  a  mirror  transmit' ting  Xo  others  the  rays  of  a  supreme  and  ever 
shining  benevolence. — Irving. 


Mon,  7nono  =  s\ng\e,  alone. 

]\£on OsyWahle . .  ..a  word  having  but  a  single  syllable. 

Jlfoiiotone. a  single  tone.^ 

3Ioiia.rch single ....  arch. .  ruler.*^ 

Jfofiogram (a)  single ....  grani{^il) . .  writing. 

Monolith single litJl . .  stone.'^ 

Wonologne logue.  .speaking. . .  .jnoiio.  .alone. 

Wonopoly .jjol.  .sell y.  .ing mono,  .alone.® 


c 


*  Sound  in  mine  ears  the  airy  moan 
That  sweeps  in  desolate  7)ion  otone. 
Where  on  the  unsheltered  hill-top  beat 
The  marches  of  your  homeless  feet  ! — Bayard  Taylor 

^  I  am  mon  arch  of  all  I  survey, 

My  right  there  is  none  to  dispute; 
From  the  centre  all  round  to  the  sea 

I  am  lord  of  the  fowl  and  the  brute. — Cowper. 

•=  A  monlogram  is  a  combination  of  the  initials  of  a  name  into 
a  single  written  character. 

Or  chaffy  grain  beneath  the  thresher's  flail : 
And  'mid  these  dancing  rocks  at  once  and  ever 
It  flung  up  momently  the  sacred  river. — Coleridge. 

Run  to  your  houses,  fall  upon  your  knees, 

Pray  to  the  gods  to  intermit  the  plague 

That  needs  must  light  on  this  ingratitude. — Shakespeare. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  113 

•^  A  motilolith  is  a  shaft  or  column  consisting  of  a  single  sto?ie* 

^  A  monop'oly  is    the  sole  (or  single)   right    to   sell  a   given 

article,  or  to  sell  at  a  given  place.     Great  corporations  which 

have  exclusive  {sole)  control  of  certain  lines  of  business  are 

often  called  monopolies. 

Qomniot'ion  . . move ion  . . ing cOfH  (coti) . . together. 

Emotion move ion . . ing e.  . out  (from  within). 

3£otion move ....  io^i . .  ing. 

Motive ive.  .that  which mot.  .moves  (to  act). 

Motor or.  .that  which. . .  .mot.  .moves. 

Proinote move   , .  .jJi'o . .  forward.^ 

Remote moved re. . back.'' 

^  When  a  scholar  ispromol'edhe  is  moved  forward  in  the  grades 

of  the  school.      To  promote  a  soldier  is  to  move  him  forward  to 

higher  rank.     When  wepro?fiote  a  cause  we  move  it  forward. 

Thou  art  not  for  the  fashion  of  these  times, 

Where  none  will  sweat  but  iox  promo  lion.  —  Shakespeare. 

''  A  remote'  place  is  widely  separated  (as  if  moved  back)  from 

customary  things. f 

*  The  ffreat  Egyptian  obelisk  in  Central  Park,  New  York,  is  one  of  the  most  noted  tnono^ 
liths  in  the  world.  It  was  quarried,  carved  and  erected  about  the  time  of  Abraham,  to 
commemorate  the  deeds  of  an  ancient  Pharaoh.  Five  hundred  years  later  the  conquering 
Sesostris,  the  bad  Pharaoh  of  Sciipture,  carved  on  its  surface  the  record  of  his  famous 
reign.  The  royal  cartouch  (or  oval)  shows  that  the  work  was  done  under  the  immediate 
sanction  and  order  of  the  King.  But  Sesostris  (or  Rameses  II)  reigned  one  hundred 
years  before  the  Trojan  war  ;  so  all  the  symbols  now  seen  on  Cleopatra's  Needle  were  al- 
ready venerable  with  age  in  the  days  of  Priam,  Hector,  Helen,  Agamemnon,  Achilles  and 
Ulysses.  The  Roman  poet  Horace  says  there  were  brave  men  before  Agamemnon,  but 
they  lacked  a  Homer  to  save  their  names  from  oblivion.  Sesostris,  however,  was  an  e.xcep- 
tion;  he  escaped  oblivion  without  the  aid  of  a  Homer.  Homer's  heroes  are  to  be  congratu- 
lated above  all  men  on  having  their  story  sung  by  such  a  minstrel ;  but  with  this  thought 
there  always  goes  a  little  doubt  as  to  whether  there  ever  were  such  heroes  and  such  deeds 
outside  of  Homer's  imagination.  The  hard  granite  of  the  Egyptian  mountains  leaves  no 
doubt  that  Sesostris  lived  and  reigned. 

t  Far  in  a  wild,  unknown  to  public  view, 
From  youth  to  age  a  rev'rend  hermit  grew  ; 
The  moss  his  bed,  the  cave  his  humble  cell, 
His  food  the  fruits,  his  drink  the  crystal  well ; 
Remote  from  man,  with  God  he  pass"d  his  days, 
PrayV  all  his  business,  all  his  pleasure  praise.  -Parnell. 
I  love  you  for  lulling  me  back  into  dreams 
Of  the  blue  Highland  mountains  and  echoing  streams, 

And  of  broken  glades  breathing  their  balm. 
While  the  deer  was  seen  glancing  in  sunshine  •emote, 
And  the  deep,  mellow  crush  of  the  wood-pigeon's  note 
Made  music  that  sweetened  the  ca.\m.—LamJ>ieli. 

8 


a 


114  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Nat,  gnat=horn. 

Native not.  .bom. . .  .ive. .  (in), 

iWffure iiat.  .born. .  .  .nre.  .that  which.'' 

JSfation naf.  .born. .  .  .ion  ■  .that  which.'' 

WataX }iat .  .born.  . .  .al.  .belonging  to.'* 

Innate in  .in nat born.® 

\Co(jnat^ CO.. together gnat . . born.* 

[Preteriif^f ural]. .  .pretev .  .  beyond. ^ 

"  A  na'tive  is  born  within  the   country.     A  native  propensity 

or  trait  is  one  i?iborn. 

Breathes  there  a  man  with  soul  so  dead 
Who  never  to  himself  hath  said, 

This  is  my  own,  my  native  land  ? — Scott. 

^  Our  na'ture  includes  all  the   tendencies  with  which  we  are 

born. 

Lo  !   Newton,  priest  of  nature,  shines  afar, 

Scans  the  wide  world,  and  numbers  every  star. — Campbell. 

•=  A  na'tion  includes  a  great  number  of  people  born  from  the 

same  stock  and  within  the  same  territory. 

Long,  Pity,  let  the  nations  view 
Thy  sky-worn  robes  of  tenderest  blue, 
And  eyes  of  dewy  light. — Collins. 

^  One's  na'tal  day  is  that  on  which  he  is  born. 

"  With  eloquence  innate'  *  his  tongue  was  armed. — Dryden. 

^  Cognate  sounds,  as  those  of  b  and/,  are  produced  with  the 
organs  in  the  same  position.  (They  are,  therefore,  produced 
or  born  together,  or  under  like  conditions.) 

s  K  preternat' ural  appearance  is  one  beyond  what  is  natural. 

Nav,  nau—s\\\Y). 

NavaX belonging  to  a  ship. 

Navigate . . .  .igate . .  drive  (or  direct  a) nav . .  ship, 

♦  Has  matter  innate  motion  ?     Then  each  atom, 
Asserting  its  indisputable  right 
To  dance,  would  form  a  universe  of  dust. —  VMing: 


a 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  115 

JV^dVy the  war  s/i/ps  of  a  nation. 

NaVQ the  body  of  a  church  (the  ship  of  Christ).*' 

Nausea sea-sickness  (occurring  on  ^/«))-board).* 

N^auXicaX.  .  ..belonging  to  s/iips. 

^.eroiiaiU. .  .t.  .one  who  (sails  in  a  balloon  or). . .  .aev.  .air 

nail . .  ship, 

Nauti\\xs the  little  sailor  (of  a  ship).'' 

*  Star  of  eternity  !  the  only  star 
By  which  the  bark  of  man  could  navigate 
The  sea  of  life,  and  gain  the  coast  of  bliss. — Pollok. 

^  The  deep-toned  music  thundered  down  the  nave, 
Gathering  the  thankfulness  of  every  soul 
Into  itself,  and  swept  along  to  God. — Samuel  IV.  Duffield. 

*  The  nau'tilus  is  a  small  mollusk  that,  by  hoisting  two  pe- 
culiar membranes  with  which  it  is  furnished,  and  which  serve 
as  sails,  glides  over  the  surface  of  the  sea  (like  a  ship). 

^Of=maik. 

Dewofe mark. . .  .de.  .down.* 

jVo  liable rewar/^able. 

NotSiVy , ary..  one    who ^lo?.  .mark(s)     (or 

writes).'' 

Note to  mark;  a  ?>iark. 

NotSition mark     (or     write) ation  . .  ing     (of 

numbers). ° 
N.  B.  {iiota  dene)  . .  .not.  .mark bene,  .well.'' 

^  We  mark  (or  write)  down  a  sign  to  denote'  a  certain  thing. 
''  A  no'tary  administers  oaths  and  prepares   legal  documents 


(or  writings). 


Go  with  me  to  a  notary;  seal  me  there 
Your  single  bond. — Shakespeare. 

*  Better  to  hunt  in  fields  for  health  unbought 
Than  fee  the  doctor  for  a  nau'seoiis  dra.ught.^Drj'cien. 
And  to  be  great  indeed,  forget 
The  nau'seous  pleasures  of  the  great. — Ibid. 


116  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

•=  Notation  is  a  system  of  writing  numbers. 
^  The  abbreviation  N.  B.  is  usually  rendered  take  notice,  but 
its  literal  meaning  is  mark  ivell. 

N'Uy^ner-—  number, 

N^linievons having  a  great  number. 

^ ■umeVQ.'Cxow number atiotl . .  ing. 

EiiifWiei'ate ate.  .make e.  .out nutner  . . 

number.* 
InnufnerablQ iu . .  not minier .  ■  number able 

..able.'^ 
Superji M //Me/'ary .  . .  ary . .  being super . .  (an)    over    (or 

extra) ....  ittcnier . . number.*^ 

[JVtiniei'al] belonging  to  number.*^ 

*  The  census  enu' merates  (or  makes  out  the  number)  of  the  in- 
habitants of  a  place. 

''  Innumerable*  as  the  stars  of  night, 
Or  stars  of  morning;  dew-drops,  which  the  sun 
Impearls  on  every  leaf  and  flower. — Milton. 


'^  A  supernu'merary  is  an  extra  one  (and  therefore  an  over- 
number). 

^  A  nu'meral  adjective  expresses  a  7iumber.  A  numeral ixdss\% 
is  used  in  teaching  number. 

Oon,  One,  0?1= large. 

'BaWootl large  ball. 

Cartoon large cart . .  card,  paper.^ 

GalleoJt (a)  large  galley.^' 

Gallon 0  (a)  large gal . .  bowl. 

hagoon large ....  lac . .  lake.^ 

*  Sweet  is  every  sound, 
Sweeter  thy  voice,  but  every  sound  is  sweet; 
Myriads  of  rivulets  hurrying  through  the  lawn, 
The  moan  of  doves  in  immemorial  elms. 
And  murmuring  of  innumerable  bees.  -  Tennyson 


IVIIA  T   JVORDS  SA  Y.  117 

SaXoon large ....  sal{l) . .  room. 

Trombone large tronib . .  trumpet. 

[Violoiicello] cell . .  little on  . .  large viol. . 

violin.'^ 

^  A  cartoon  was  originally  a  large  design,  usually  in  colors, 
upon  strong  paper,  to  be  transferred  to  a  wall  for  fresco  paint- 
ing, or  for  working  out  in  tapestry  or  mosaic.  Hence,  a  large 
colored  print  (upon  paper). 

^  A  gat  Icon  was  a  Spanish  treasure  vessel  of  large  size  used 
in  the  sixteenth  century  for  carrying  over  the  precious  metals 
from  Peru,  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies. 

'^  A  lagoon  is  a  {large)  lake-like  space  in  mid-ocean  formed 
by  an  encircling  group  of  coral  islands. 

^  The  bass-viol  is  a  large  violin;  the  violonceVlo  is  a  small 
bass-viol. 

Of*=er,  one  who. 

Captor one  who capt .  .  take(s)  (or  seizes). 

Doctor one  who ....  doct* . .  teach(es).^ 

Factor one  who. . .  .fact .  .do(es). 

Rector red. . rule,     direct  ....  or  . .  er    (of    a 

church). 

Sponsor* sports . .  promise ....  Or . .  er.  '^ 

Tailoi' tail . .  cut or . .  er.° 

Tutor. one  who ....  tiitf  {tuit)X . .  look(s)  after."* 

Victor* vict.  .conquer. . .  .07' .  .er.*^ 

^  A  doc'tor  is  a  man  of  learning  (capable  of  teaching). 

O  for  boyhood's  painless  play, 
Sleep  that  wakes  in  laughing  day, 
Health  that  mocks  the  doctor's  rules, 
Knowledge  never  learned  of  schools. —  IVhittier. 

♦  Doc'tnn^  is  that  which  is  taught  as  truth. 

Unpractised  he  to  fawn,  or  seek  for  power, 

By  doctrines  fashioned  to  the  varying  hour.  —  Goldsinith. 

t  A  tu'tt\&Ty  deity  is  one  having:  special  ■watchfulness  over  a  particular  community  and 
*vho  receives  therefore  special  honors. 

%  Tut'/ion  is  the  sum  paid  the  tutor  for  his  services. 


118  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

^  A  spon'sor  in  baptism  is  a  god-father   {one  who  promises  in 
behalf  of  the  child  that  the  vows  will  be  kept). 

But  rather  far  that  stern  device 
The  sponsors  chose  that  round  thy  cradle  stood 
In  the  dim,  un ventured  wood. — Lowell. 

^  A  taVlor  is  one  who  cuts  and  makes  clothing. 

^  A  land  of  beauty,  virtue,  valour,  truth, 
Time-lu' lored  age,  and  love-exalted  youth. — Montgomery. 

®  Not  to  him  who  rashly  dares 
But  to  him  who  nobly  bears. 
Is  the  vie  tor  s  garland  sure. —  Whittier. 


Or  din= order. 

Ordinary rf  r // . .  according  to .  . .  or  din . .  (usual)  order.* 

Ordlna.nce . . .  atice .  ■  that  which  (is) . .  .  .ordin . . order(ed).^ 

0/'f^^>iation.  .the  ceremony  of  ordaining  (or  taking  into  re- 
ligious orders). 

Ordinsd showing  the  order. '^ 

Inordinate ..  .in.. not Ofdin . . order   (or  regulate) 

ate..ed. 

Subordinate. ate.  .being sub.  .under  (in) ordin. . 

order  (or  rank). 

Ordain to  order,  to  take  into  religious  orders.^ 

*  These  couchings,  and  these  lowly  courtesies, 
Might  fire  the  blood  of  ordinary  men; 
And  turn  ^x^  ordinance,  and  first  decree. 
Into  the  law  of  children. — Shakespeare. 

**  A  city  or'dinance  is  a  regulation  ordered  by  the  authorities. 

Oh,  now,  let  Richmond  and  Elizabeth, 

The  true  succeeders  of  each  royal  house, 

By  God's  fair  ordinance  conjoin  together.  —  Shakespeare. 

"  An  ordinal  adjective  expresses  the  order  of  occurrence,  as 

first,  second,  etc. 

^  Out  of  your  grace,  devise,  ordain  ,  impose 
Some  gsntle  order.  —  Shakespeare. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  119 

jP^1^= guard,  ward  off. 

Parry par . .  ward  off.'* 

ParasoX par .  .ward  off . , .  .sol.  .the  sun.** 

J*rt>'achute   par .  .guard chut* . .  (the)  fall.'= 

Parapet .2yar . . guard 2*€t  ( 2)ect) . .  the  breast."* 

'"^  To  par' ry  a  blow  is  to  ward  it  q^.f 

^  The  par'asol  wards  off  the  rays  of  the  sun. 

'^  The  par' achute  is  an  apparatus  in  the  form  of  an  umbrella 
for  breaking  [guarding  against)  a  fall  from  a  balloon. 

^  K  parapet  is  a  rampart  breast  high  and  guarding  that  part  of 
the  body  from  the  shots  of  the  enemy. 

JPO-r/^ speak,  talk. 

ParTiament.  .a  legislative  body  (engaged  in  much  speaking). 

Parlor a  place  for  talk. 

Parley to  carry  on  a  talk  in  regard  to  some  unsettled 

contest.'* 
Parlance ....  a  style  of  speaking. 
Parole a  (spoken)  promise.** 

^  J<r.  Hen.   How  yet.  resolves  the  governor  of  the  town? 
This  is  the  latest /a;-'/?:}:  we  will  admit. — Shakespeare. 

^  Prisoners  of  war  are  often  released  on  parole'  (or  on  their 
spoken  promise  not  to  fight  again  until  regularly  exchanged). 

*  A  chute  is  a  tube  or  channel  through  which  visXax  falls  to  a  mill  wheel.  Also  a  place 
in  which  objects  are  caused  to  fall  from  a  height.  Wood,  for  example,  is  frequently  sent 
down  from  a  height  through,  or  on,  a  chute. 

t  For  trained  abroad  his  arms  to  wieldj 
Fitz-James's  blade  was  sword  and  shield; 
He  practiced  every  pass  and  ivard. 
To  thrust,  to  strike,  to  feint,  to  guard. 
***** 

Fierce  Roderick  felt  the  fatal  drain, 
And  showered  his  blows  like  winter  rain; 
And,  as  firm  rock,  or  castle  roof. 
Against  the  winter  shower  is  proof. 
The  foe  invulnerable  still 
Foiled  his  wild  rage  by  steady  skill. — Scott. 

\  O,  if  thou  have 
Hid  them  in  some  flowery  cave, 

Tell  me  but  where. 
Sweet  queen  of  parley,  daughter  of  the  sphere! — Milton, 


120  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

I*ast=fGGd,  food,  loaf. 

Pasture Ui^e . .  that  which x>ast. .  feeds. 

Rejtast food  (given) ....  r^e . .  again.^ 

Pastor or.  .one  who past,  .feeds  (a  flock). 

Pastern the  joint  of  the  horse  by  which  he  is  tetherea 

in  the  pasture. 
Pester to  bother  (like  hobbling  a  horse  in  a  pasture). 

[Pastel] el.  .little _2^(«Sif.  .loaf  (or  roll).^ 

[P«8^ille].  ...i?^  .little past..loai  (or  roll).° 

*  His  sweet  repast'*  with  sweet  discourse  was  blent, 
Of  journeying  and  return. — Afrs.  Sigoumey. 

'°  A  pas'  lei  is  a  colored  crayon  (suggestive  of  a  little  roll  ot 
bread). 

'=A  pastille'  is  a  little  cone  (or  roll)  of  some  aromatic  substance 
to  be  burned  in  a  room. 

Bij)ed bi. . two pefZ . . foot  (or  feet).' 

Centipede. .  .cent,  .hundred. . .  .p}ed-  .foot. 
^.xpedite ....  (take  the)  foot. . . .  ex  ■  ■  out.'' 

Impede  ....  .ini  {in) .  .against  (the) />ef?.  .foot. 

Pedal t/iat  which  is  moved  by  the  foot. 

Pedestal  . . .  .the  foot  stall  or  support  of  a  column  or  statue. 
Qxxadrnped.  .an  animal  having. . .  .qiiadv.  .four. . .  .ped ■ . 

foot  (or  feet). 
Veloci//ede.  .(the). .  ..veloc.  .swift.  .  ..ped.  .foot(ed)  wheel. 

*  Birds  are  called  bi'peds  in  consequence  of  having  but  t%>o 
feet.\ 

*  Thus  dost  thou  hear  the  Nemean  lion  roar 

'Gainst  thee,  thou  lamb,  that  standest  as  his  prey; 
Submissive  fall  his  princely  feet  before, 

And  he  from  forage  will  incline  to  play: 
But  if  thou  strive,  poor  soul,  what  art  thou  then? 
Food  for  his  rage,  repast' ure  for  his  den. — Shakospeare. 

+  The  great  philosopher  Plato  defined  man  as  a  featherless  biped.  Thereupon  the  shrewd 
old  cynic  Diogenes  plucked  the  feathers  from  a  goose,  and,  having  labeled  it  Plato's  man," 
threw  it  over  into  the  philosopher's  class-room. 


a 


0 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  121 

^  To  ex'pedite  is  to  hasten  forward  (as  if  by  taking  the  foot 
out  of  some  clog  or  entanglement);  to  make  loose-footed . 

•^  To  impede,  on  the  contrary,  is  to  retard  (as  by  putting  an 
obstacle  against  the  foot).* 

No  torrents  stain  thy  limpid  source; 

No  rocks  impede  thy  dimpling  course. — Smollett, 


Pell,  puls= drive. 

Appeal drive   (or  urge) aj^iad)-  .to  {or   upon). 

Comjjel drive com . .  (con) . .  with. 

Dispel drive. . .  .dis.  .apart. 

Expel drive ex . .  out. 

Imjwl drive. .  .  .ini{ifi)  ■  .into  (or  against). 

Peal the  appeal  of  the  bells.'' 

"Propel drive . . .  .pvo . .  forward. 

Kepel drive ....  ve .  ■  back." 

Repeal to  re-appeal  or  appeal  again.'^ 

Pulse the  throb  caused  by  the  driving  of  the  blood 

through  the  arteries. 
Repulse (a)  drive. . .  .re.  .back. 


*  Eternal  Hope  !  when  yonder  spheres  sublime 
Pealed  their  first  notes  to  sound  the  march  of  time, 
Thy  joyous  youth  began,  but  not  to  fade. — Campbell. 

*>  The  wild  steed's  sinewy  nerves  still  strain 
Up  the  repel  ling  bank. — Byron. 

•^To  repeat  a  law  is  to  annul  or  call  it  back  (as  if  upon  a 
reconsideration,  or  re-appeal). 

*  I  have  seen  the  day, 
That,  with  this  little  arm,  and  this  good  sword, 
I  have  made  my  way  through  more  imped' iments 
Than  twenty  times  your  stop. — Shakespeare. 

P.  Hen.  O,  pardon  me,  my  liege;  but  for  my  tears, 
The  moist  impediments  unto  my  speech, 
I  had  forestall'd  this  dear  and  deep  rebuke, 
Ere  you  With  grief  had  spoke,  and  I  had  heard 
The  course  of  it  so  far. — lb. 


122  .  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

I*encl=hsing,   weigh. 

I^endant hang ant . .  ing. 

Pendent hang. .  .  .ent.  .ing.^ 

Pendulum the  hanging  wire."  , 

'PenduXou's, hang'xu^. 

^.^pe7id hang  (or  fasten) ap{ad) . .  to. 

De2)end hang de. . down,  from.^ 

Expend weigh*  (as  with  a  hanging  scale) . .  ..ea?..out. 

\rupend\ hang ini{in).  .into  (or  over). 

Per/)eM.f7icular.  ..ar   .like. . .  .iciil.  .that  which. . .  .pend.. 

hang(s).  .  .  .per .  .through  (the  air).'^ 
'^u^pendX hang.  . .  .sus{sub).  .under  (or  down). 

'^  From  the  arched  roof, 
Pen' dent  by  subtle  magic,  many  a  row 
•        Of  starry  lamps,  and  blazing  cressets,  fed 
With  naphtha  and  asphaltus,  yielded  light, 
As  from  a  sky. — Milton. 

•»  Man  ! 
TYiOW. pendulum  betwixt  a  smile  and  tear. — Byron. 

"  He  that  depends' 
Upon  your  favors  swims  with  fins  of  lead. 
And  hews  down  oaks  with  rushes. — Shakespeare. 

^ K  perpendic' ular  X\n&  ior\x\%  with  another  a  right  an^le  as 
does  the  plummet  (which  hangs  through  the  air)  with  the  hori- 
zon. 

2^e^= through,  thoroughly. 
/'ercolate col% . .  strain,  filter . . .  .per . .  through. 


a 


*  Before  the  introduction  of  coinage,  gold  and  silver  passed  by  weight.  They  are  still 
weighed  out  when  passed  in  large  quantities. 

+  Damocles  beheld  above  his  head  a  sword  suspended  by  a  single  hair.  This  is  the 
proverbial  type  of  an  impend' ing  calamity. 

X  On  the  willow  that  harp  is  suspended, 

O  Salem  !  its  sound  should  be  free  ; 
And  the  hour  when  thy  glories  were  ended 

But  left  me  that  token  of  thee  : 
And  ne'er  shall  its  soft  tones  be  blended 

With  the  voice  of  the  spoiler  by  me. — Byron. 

§  A  co/'ander  is  a  strainer.    A  cu/'vert  is  an  arched  drain. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  121 

J*e»*cussion cuss  (quass)*.  .shake ion.  .ing 

pet' . .  through. 

.Perennial pei'.  .through(out) ....  mm.  .year(s).'' 

J*ct'fect jjer . .  thoroughly feet . .  made.= 

JPej'forate fovai . .  bore . . .  .per . .  through. 

J*e>'fume funi . .  smoke . . .  .per . .  thoroughly.*^ 

l^erjure juv . .  swear ^^er . .  through  (the  bounds 

of  truth). 
J*ermanent man.  .stay  ....  ent  . .  ing per  . . 

through). 

JPe^meate.. meat.  go. . .  .per.  .through.® 

JPe^pendicular. . .  .per.  .through. . .  .pe^ld.  .hang  ....  icul 

that  which ....  ar ....  like.^ 


^  Water   percolates    {^filters   through)    an    imper^ct    roof  or 
partition. 

^  Peren'nial  plants  exist  throughout  many  years. 

"  And  what  is  so  rare  as  a  day  in  June  ? 
Then,  if  ever,  come  per' feet  days; 
Then  heaven  tries  the  earth  if  it  be  in  tune. 
And  over  it  softly  her  warm  ear  lays. — Lowell. 

^  To  perfmne'  means  literally  to  smoke  thoroughly.     Hence,  to 
impregnate  or  fill  with  scent,  or  odor. 

And  it  sent  abroad  a  soft  perfume  \ 

Which  is  floating  round  me  still. — Percival. 

*  Wsiter permeates  a  porous  substance. 

^  A  line  is  perpendic' ular  to  another  when  it   forms  with  the 


♦A  court  guash'ts  an  indictment  when  it  breaks  (shatters  or  shakes)  it  down. 

t  As  when  to  them  who  sail 
Beyond  the  Cape  of  Hope,  and  now  are  past 
Mozambic,  off  at  sea  north-east  winds  blow 
Sabean  odors  from  the  spicy  shore 
Of  Araby  the  blest;  with  such  delay 

Well  pleased,  they  slack  their  course,  and  many  a  league, 
Cheer'd  with  the  grateful  smell,  old  Ocean  smiles. — Milton. 
'Tis  Liberty  alone  that  gives  the  flow'r 
Of  fleeting  life  itr.  lustre  a.nd  />e'-/ume. 
And  we  are  weeds  without  it.  -Coivper. 


124  ^J/A  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

latter   a   right   angle    (such    as    the   plumb   line  which  hangi 

throtigh  space  forms  with  the  horizon). 

Ten  masts  at  each  make  not  the  altitude 

Which  thou  h&st  perpendic' ular\y  fell. — Shakespeare. 

J>e/»= through,  thoroughly  (continued). 

Pei'petrate petrat  . .  accomplish per  . .  thor- 
oughly. 
Perplex jp^ea? . .  weave,    entangle J>e^ . .  thor- 
oughly. 

Pei'quisite qtiisit ..  sought . . .  ._29et' . .  thoroughly.'* 

Pei'secute secut . .  follow _/>ef . .  thoroughly. 

Peruse us . .  use per . .  thoroughly.^ 

Pe/'vade vad . .  go per . .  through(out).° 

Pervert vert . .  turn /^er . .  thoroughly. 

Pei'vious vi.. way .  .per . .  through ons.. hav- 

ing.'^ 

^  The  per'quisites  ol  an  office  are  its  incidental  remunerations 
(usually  sought  after  very  eagerly  or  thoroughly) 

"  To  peruse  a  book  is  to  read  it  with  interest  (and  therefore 
use  it  thoroughly). 

"=  The  q!\x pervades'  the  whole  house. 

No  sound  is  uttered — but  a  deep 
And  solemn  harmony  pervades 
The  hollow  vale  from  steep  to  steep, 
And  penetrates  the  glades. —  Wordsworth. 

"^  Chalk  isper'vtous  to  {having  a  way  through  for)  water. 

Petr,  pier— rocV. 

Petriiy ft.-  make  . .  .2^etr . .  rock. 

Petroleum rock oleum . .  oil. 

Saltpetre rock-salt.'^ 

Pier .a  structure  of  roch  in  the  water. 

Lam2>rey lamb . .  lick petr . .  rock.'^ 


U^HA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  126 

^  The  term  saltpe'tre  means  rock-salt.  The  saltpetre  of  com- 
merce is  also  called  nitre,  and  is  the  chief  ingredient  of  gun- 
powder. 

And  that  it  was  great  pity,  so  it  was, 

That  villainous  saltpetre  should  be  digg'd 

Out  of  the  bowels  of  the  harinlcs'^  earih. — Shakespeare. 

^  The  lajfi'prey  eel  was  called  the  rock-licker  from  its  ten- 
dency to  cleave  to  the  rocks. 

J>^^/^=flat,  level. 

JPlafl a  drawing  on  a.  flat  surface. 

Plafie a.  flat  surface. 

I^lank a  heavy  flat  board. 

Plaifl a.  flat  extent  of  country. 

Plain entirely  clear  (or  level). 

Esplanade (a  place  in  a  park) plan . .  level ad 

.  .ed es{ex).  .out. 

ExplaAn (to  make) ex . .  out ....  (everything)  . . 

plan,  .level  (or  plain).'^ 

[Plan' isphere] . .  .the  projection  of  a  sphere  on  a  plain. 

"  Me  let  the  tender  office  long  engage 
To  rock  the  cradle  of  reposing  age, 
With  lenient  acts  extend  a  mother's  breath. 
Make  languor  smile,  and  smooth  the  bed  of  death; 
Explore  the  thought,  explain   the  asking  eye. 
And  keep  awhile  one  parent  from  the  sky. — Pope, 

Pie,  plet=mi 

Com^^^ement  . .  ..ment.  .that  which pie.  .fill(s). .  .com 

{con) . .  together  (or  fully). 

Comjdete filled ....  com{con) . .  together  (or  out). 

Com2>^iment ment.  .that which pli.  .fill(s). .  ..com 

{con),  .together  (or  up).^ 

Comply fill com{con) . .  together  (or  up). 

De/j?e^ion de.  .nn plet . . fill ion ■ . ing. 


136  IVIJA  T   WORDS  SA  V. 

Implement mejit . .  that  which ....  pie . .  fills  ....  im 

{in)..'m  (or  together).'^' 

Replete plet ■  . filled    . .  .ve. . again  (or  up).'' 

Sup^^/ement inent.  .that  which _^>?e..fill(s) sup 

(sub) .  .  under  (or  after). 
Sup2^ly fill Sltj^isuh).  .under  (or  up).^ 

lEx2)letive] ive.  .that   which ^^^e^.  .fill(s) ex.. 

out.® 

*  A  co7n'pliment  is  a  courteous  speech  of  praise  or  act  of  at- 
tention [w/iich  is  intended  \.o  fillnnth  good  feeling  or  pleasure). 

''An  tjn'plement'is  a  tool  (such  as  is  used  in  building  or  filling 

in  a  structure). 

A  story  replete'  vi'ith.  instruction  is  7?//^^/ with  the  latter. 

He  ended,  and  his  words,  replete  with  guile, 
Into  her  heart  too  easy  entrance  won. — Milton. 

^  With  food  as  well  the  peasant  is  supplied'* 
On  Idra's  cliff  as  Arno's  shelvy  side. — Goldsmith. 


c 


®  An  ex'pletive  adverb  has  but  little  use   further  than  to  fih 
(or  round)  out  the  sentence  which  contains  it. 

PM,  Ploi,  Plic^ioXd,  bend. 

k^ply fold,  or  bend ....  ap  (ad) . .  to,  against.* 

Display dis . .  un plot  ■  ■  fold. 

Employ fold  (or  embrace) ....  cm  (en)  ■  •in.'^' 

Explicit ex.  .out  (or  un) 2*1  ic  .fold it.  .ed." 

Exploit c.TC.  .out  (or  un) pAoi.  .fold.  . .   t.  .ed,'' 

\mplicdite fold  (or  embrace) .  .  .  .i/m  (in) .  .in. 

Imply fold  (or  embrace) . . .   im  {in)  ■  ■  ia 

1*1  ait a  fold. 

I*lia.hle easily  l>ent. 

JPliant bend ant . .  ing.® 

*  He  lives  who  lives  to  God  alone, 
And  all  are  dead  beside  ; 
For  other  source  than  God  is  none, 
Whence  life  can  be  supplied.— Co-wper- 


IVIIA  T   WORDS  SA  Y.  12? 

RQ2)ly fold ...    re. . back/ 

Supple bend sup  (stlb) . . under.e 

Sup2jfiant . bend ant  .  ing sujj  {sub) . .  under  (or 

down).'' 
Supplicate: bend suj^  (sub) . .  under  (or  down).' 

T>eploy de.  .from,  un.  . .  .plot.  .fold.J 

^  To  apply  a  plaster  or  poultice  is  to  fold  it  to*     To  apply 

one's  self  is  to  bend  to  a  task.     To  apply  for   permission  is  to 

bow  (or  bend)  to  one  having  authority. 

And  half  he  halts,  half  springs  aside 

And  feels  the  quickening  spur  applied. — Scott. 

^  To  employ'   a  person  is  to  e?tfold  (or  include)  him  in  one's 

affairs. 

Happy  the  man  who  sees  a  God  etnployed 

In  all  the  good  and  ill  that  checker  life! — Cowper. 


c 


In  an  explic'it  statement  the  truth  is  thoroughly  imfolded. 

^  An  exploit'  is  something  done  (or  unfolded). 

"  Who  foremost  now  delight  to  cleave 
With //j'(2«/ arm  thy  glassy  wave? — Gray. 

^  A  reply  is  a  return  (as  \i  fold  back)  statement. 

e  Sup' pie  limbs  are  gracefully  flexible  (or  easily  bent). 

"^  A  sup'pliant  for  mercy  or  favor  is  one  who  asks  it  humbly 
(as  if  bowing,  or  bending  down). 

'  To  sup' plicate  is  to  petition  humbly  (as  if  bending  down). 

J  To  deploy'  troops  as  skirmishers  is  to  cause  them  to  spread 
out  (as  if  unfolding). 

JPorc—pig. 

Porcupine the  pig  with  the  spines. 

JPork the  flesh  of  the  pig. 

*  Canst  thou,  O  partial  Sleep!  give  thv  repose 
To  the  wet  sea-boy  in  an  hour  so  rude: 
And  in  the  calmest  and  the  stillest  night. 
With  all  appli'ances  and  means  to  boot. 
Deny  it  to  a  king? — Shakespeare. 


138  iVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Povce\siin atii.  .like. ...  (the   shell    of   the    purple 

fish  which  has  its  upper  surface  curved  like  the  back 
of  a) ell.  .little pore  -pig.'  *, 

Porpoise poric) .  .pig pels.  .fish. 

I  Po/*cine] pig ine . .  like. 

*  What,  shall  I  stain  the  glories  of  my  race? 

More  clear,  more  lovely  bright,  than  Hesper's  beam? 
The por' celain  pure  with  vulgar  dirt  debase? 

Or  mix  with  puddle  the  pellucid  stream  ? — Langhorne. 

POTt=g-a.tQ,  door,  entrance. 

IPovt an  entrance. 

PovtsU an  entrance. 

Povt&T gate  keeper.^ 

l*or ^cullis couliss.  .sliding port.  .door. 

Porch port,  .an  entrance.^ 

I*ortico that  which  is  before  the  entrance.* 

'  Nor  surly  porter  stands,  in  guilty  state, 
To  turn  imploring  famine  from  ihe  gate. — Goldsmith. 

I*0Tt—C2irYy,  bear. 

Portable carry-able,  or  movable. 

PortioWo carry foil  . .  leaf    (of     paper    and 

other  stationery). 

Portvc\a.n\.eai\x carry ....  fncmteciu . .  cloak. 

Porter the  carrier  of  burdens. 

Expo7^t carry ....  ex . .  out, 

*  Due  westward,  fronting  to  the  green, 
A  rural /or' fi'ro  was  seen, 
Aloft  on  native  pillars  borne, 
Of  mountain  fir  with  bark  unshorn. 
Where  Ellen's  hand  had  taught  to  twine 
The  ivy  and  Idoean  vine. 
The  clematis  the  favored  flower. 
Which  boasts  the  name  of  virgin  bowet 
And  every  hardy  plant  could  bear 
Loch-Katrine's  keen  and  searching  air. 
An  instant  in  this /orc/i  she  staid. 
And  gaily  to  the  Stranger  said, 
■'  On  Heaven  and  on  thy  ladv  call. 
And  enter  the  enchanted  hall!" — Scott. 


WffA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  129 

Import carry i}H,  (in) . .  into. 

ImpovtSLnt having  much  import  (or  significance).* 

Port bearing.^ 

Report. carry re.  ■  back," 

Supjyort bear. .  .  .siij)  (sub),  .under. 

Transport carry ....  trdiis . .  across,  beyond.*^ 

*  Pride  in  iheir  port,  defiance  in  their  eye, 
I  see  the  lords  of  human  kind  pass  by.  —  Goldsmith. 

•>  'Tis  greatly  wise  to  talk  with  our  past  hours; 
And  ask  them,  what  report'  they  bore  to  heaven. —  Young. 

•=  To  transport'  property  is  to  carry  it  across  from  one  place 
to  another.  Hence,  transport  is  strong  emotion  (in  which  one 
is  carried  beyond  his  ordinary  feelings)f . 

J^OS= place,  put. 

Compost. place ....  coin  {eon) . .  together. 

Ue2JOSe place ....  de .  ■  from,  down.  ^ 

Dispose place ....  dis  •  •  apart. 

Exjjose place ....  ex . .  out.** 

Imjwse place ini  {in) .  .  in,  against. 

Inter/>ose place inter,  .between. J 

Op2>08e place OJJ  {oh) . .  against. 

Proj^ose place . . .  .jjro . .  before. 


*  Yet  \he\T  port 
Not  of  mean  suitors,  nor  impor'tant  less 
Seem'd  their  petition,  than  when  th'  ancient  pair 
In  fables  old,  less  ancient  yet  than  these, 
Deucalion  and  chaste  Pyrrha,  to  restore 
The  race  of  mankind  drown'd,  before  the  shrine 
Of  Themis  stood  devout. — Milton. 
+  The  wild  gazelle  on  Judah's  hills 
Exulting  yet  may  bound. 
And  drink  from  all  the  living  rills 

That  gush  on  holy  ground; 
Its  airy  step  and  glorious  eye 
May  glance  in  tameless  trans' port  by. — Byron. 

%  Earth,  let  not  thy  envious  shade 
Dare  itself  to  interpose' : 
Cynthia's  shining  orb  was  made 

Heaven  to  cheer,  when  day  did  close. — Ben  Jonson. 


130  IVHAT  WOJiDS  SAV. 

Purpose place ^Jiei'  {'pro) . .  before." 

depose place ve. . back.** 

Sup7>o«e. place sup  (sub) .  .under. 

Trans2*OSe place ....  trains . .  across. 

^  To  depose'  is  to  put  out  of  {or  from)  position  or  office.* 

''  Expose'  thyself  to  feel  what  wretches  feel. 
That  thou  mayest  shake  the  superfiux  to  them, 
And  show  the  heavens  more  just. — Shakespeare. 

"  It  tells  how  many  and  often  high  resolve  and /«;-/oj^  strong, 
Shaped  on  the  anvil  of  my  heart,  have  failed  upon  my  tongue. 

Gerald  Massey. 
•^  The  crownless  hat,  ne'er  deemed  an  ill — 
It  only  let  the  sunshine  still 
Repose'  upon  my  head! — Hood. 

jPos/f=  place,  placed. 

Composite placed com  (con) . .  together. 

Com^os//ion loii . . that  which  (is) posit ■ . placed 

com  {con) . .  together. 

Deposit place de . .  down. 

Imposition place  (or  put) iofl.  .ing im  {in) 

..against  (or  upon). 

Opposite placed oj)  {ob) . .  against. 

Preposition ion .  ■  that  which    (is) . .  .  posit . .  placed 

pre.  .before. 

Proposition ion . .  that   which  (is) . . .  .2)OSit . .  placed 

. . .  .pro.  .before  (one's  attention). 
Repository ory . .  place  (where  things  are) . .  .  .2)0sit 

.  .place. . .  .re.  .back  (or  away). 

7>0«f= after. 

I*OSt-date date  after  (the  time  written). 

JPos^pone pon . .  place post .  ■  after. 

*  Methought  that  mist  of  dawning  grey 
Would  never  dapple  into  day; 
How  heavily  it  rolled  away 
Before  the  eastern  fiame 
Rose  crimson,  and  deposed  the  stars. — Byron. 


a 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  131 

Postscript = script  . .  written post  . . 

after. 

Postern the  offer  (or  back)  gate.'' 

Posterity that  which  comes  after. 

Post  mortem j}OSt.  .after  ....  tnort.  .death. 

Preposterous p7*e . .  before    (and) . . .  .2)Oster 

coming  after  (at  the  same  time). 
P,  31,  {post  inei'ldian).  .after  the  tneridian  (or  noon). 
[Posthumous] after  most  (latest). 

*  The  thing  they  can't  but  purpose  they  postpone' . —  Young. 

^  Then  right  hand  wheeled  their  steeds,  and  straight 
They  won  the  castle's  post' efn  gate. — Scott. 


jP^^=:  before. 

Precede ced . .  go . .  .  .pre . .  before. 

Precept cept  {capt).  .taken. . . .  i^re.  .before.* 

P'Teclude clud ....  shut  (out) . . .  .pre .  .before. 

Precocious OUS . . being coct . . cooked,   ripened 

. . .  .pre . .  before  (or  too  soon).** 

Precursor pre . .  fore curs . .  run ....  or . .  er. 

Predecessor or . .  one     who . .  cess .  ■  go(es) de • . 

from. . .  .pre.  .before. 

Predict pre . .  fore diet . .  say,  tell. 

Preface fat . .  said .  .pre .  before. 

Prefer fe)'.  .carry,  bear pre.  .before. 

*  A  pre' cept  is  taken  as  a  guide  before  action.* 

^'  K  preco'cious  c\i\\d  is  bright   in  advance  of   its  age   (as  if 


ripened  too  soon). 


*  There — my  blessing  with  you! 
And  these  i^y^  precepts  in  thy  memory 
See  thou  character-  Give  thy  thoughts  no  tongue. 
Nor  any  unproportioned  thought  his  act. — Shakespeare. 


132  WHA  r  IVOUDS  SA  Y. 

JPTe=he(ore  (continued). 

Prejudice Jfidlc  .judge. .  .  .prCr  .before. 

J*i'eliminary . .  .  .pre . .  before ....  limin  . .  threshold.* 

jP/*emature f)iatur.  .ripe. . .  .pre.  .before  (the time). 

Premise inis-  .send. . .  .^jre. . before. '^ 

_P/*emonition.. .  .trio nit.  .warn.  .  .ion.  .ing. .  .pre.  .before. 

Prepare par.  .arrange . . .  .jyfe.  .before. 

Preponderate.  .  ponder  at.  .weigh..  .^>iY-^..  before  (or  out).'= 

Presage sar/ .  .  perceive .  .  .  .^Ji'e .  ■  before. 

Prevail val . .  be  strong . . .  .jrre . .  before  (or  over).'^ 

*  Prelim' inary  remarks  are  made  just  before  entrance  {door) 
into  the  general  subject. 

^  'Yo  premise  an  e.xplanation  is  to  send  it  out  before  relating 
the  matter  specially  in  hand.  The  prcniise  of  an  argument  is 
sent  before  the  rest. 

'^  K  prepoj^ derating  article  is  in  greater  quantity  (and  there- 
fore outweighs  others). 

■*  Truth  from  his  Wps prevailed'  with  double  sway. 
And  fools  who  came  to  scoff  remained  to  pray. —  Goldsmith. 

Primer a  first  book. 

Prime of  the  first  quality. 

Primary belonging  to  the  first  stages. 

Primrose one  of  the  first  flowers  (or  roses)  of  spring. 

Pritnitive in  the  first  or  earliest  form. 

Prim of  the  first  order  of  neatness. 

Premier the  first  officer  of  a  government. 

Primeval al. . belonging   to . . .  .prim ■ . the    first  (or 

earliest) {a)ev.  .age.^ 

*  The  violet  by  its  mossy  stone. 

The  prim' rose  by  the  river's  brim, 
And  rhancesovvn  daffodil  have  found 
Immortal  life  through  him. 

—  Whittier  (on  Wordsworth). 

•"  This  is  the  ioresX. prime' val. — Longfellow. 


a 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  133 

^^0  =  before,  forward,  for,  according  to. 

Pvohosc'is bosc   .  feed(s) . .  .  ._/>/'0 . .  before. 

J*l»ofile fil.  .thread,  line.  .  .  .jyt'O  . .  before.* 

Prognostic fore. .  .  .f/iiost.  .know.  .  .  .ic  -ing. 

Prohibit Jiihif.  .hold. .  .  .pro.  .forth. 

Prominent liihl  ■  ■  project .  .  .  .jrro  ■  ■  forward. 

Pronoun for  (or  instead  of)  a  noun. 

Pi'Osper according  to ...  .  sper* ....  hope.'' 

P'i'Ostrate sfraf  ■  ■  spread  .  .  .  .pro  ■  ■  forward. 

Proverb verh\  . .  word  (gone) . . .  .pro  ■  .  forth. 

Provide vld.  .see. . .  Itrfy  .forward  (or  ahead). 

^  h  p7-o'file  likeness  gives  the //■<??//  line  of  the  face. 

''  'Yo  pros' per  is  to  get  forward  in  accoruance  with  one's  hopes. 


Ptl7ig,  I*tinct=  prick,  point. 


a 


PuilCtual prompt  to  the  very  moment  {or point). 

Pnuf'fuate to  point  off  composition. 

Pu nctnre a  hole  made  with  o. point. 

ComjHtilction  ..  .  .prick.  .  .  .ion  .  -ing.  .(cf  conscience). 

/*Uilf/ent 2**'^H/     prick.  .  .  .ent.  .ing. 

Expntlf/e prick.  .  .  .eX-  .out.'' 

Poif/iiant   prick  (or  penetrate)  ....  ant.  ■  ing, 

"  Punf'/ua/  as  lovers  to  the  moment  sworn. —  Young. 

^  To  expimge  a  name  from  a  list  is  to  remove  it  (as  '\i prick- 
ing the  name  out  of  cloth). | 

*  To  A<ispair'  is  to  be  without  hope. 

t  A  ver'biX  answer  is  one  delivered  by  -word  of  mouth. 

X  From  the  cheerful  ways  of  men 
Cut  off,  and  for  the  book  of  knowledge  fair 
Presented  with  a  universal  blank 
Of  Nature's  works  to  me  exfrutis^t'il '  and  razed, 
And  wisdom  at  one  entrance  quite  shut  oin      Milton. 


a 


134  tVIIAT   irOJ^DS  SAY. 

_K^3zl)ack,  again. 

.Keflect fleet ■  ■  bend . . .  .ve. . back.* 

Ji'efrain.  , fven .  .bit,  curb ve.  .back. 

JReiuge ffiff  ■  ■  flee . . .  .re. . back. 

J^ehearse here . . harrow . . .  .ve. . again. 

Jieimburse again ....  im .  .  in . . . .  burs .  ■  purse. 

J^elapse lajjs . . slip . . . .  re. . back. 

JKelax lax .  ■  loosen . .  .  .ve. . back.^ 

J^elease less .  . loosen . . .  .ve. . again. 

Uelent Jefit .  .slack. .  .  .ve.  .again. 

7?elinquish liiiqil . . leave . .  .  .ve. . back. 

J^eluctant I  net.  .struggle. .  .  .ve.  .back.'' 

*  To  rehearse*  Vi>  to  repeat  (like  re-harrowing  ground). f 

•*  No  more  the  smith  his  dusky  brow  shall  clear. 
Relax'  his  ponderous  strength  and  lean  to  hear.  — GoUsinil/!. 

'  That  prince,  and  that  alone,  is  truly  great, 
Who  draws  the  sword  reluctant,  gladly  sheathes. —  Young. 

^e=zback,  again  (continued). 

JJemain main . . stay ve. . back. 

J^emedy niecl.  .heal(s) ve.  .again. 

JSemorse mors ■  ■  bite . .  .    ve. . back. 

TJepine pt'ne,  or  fret,  again  and  again^ 

Replenish isli  .make. .  .  .plen.  .full.  .ve.  .again. 

.Represent present  again. 

/repugnant patfii.  .fight. . .  .ant.  .ing ve.  .back. 

7?esemble sembl . . be  like . . .  .ve. . again. 

*  When  thus*  creation's  charms  around  combine. 
Amidst  the  store  should  thankless  pride  repine  ? — Goldsmith- 

*  There  mildly  dimpling  Ocean's  cheek 
Reflects'  the  tints  of  many  a  peak 
Caught  by  the  laughing  tides  that  lave 
These  Edens  of  the  Eastern  wave.  —  Byron. 

+  The  Arabian  Nights  rehearsed'  in  bed! 
The  fairy  tales  in  school-time  read. 
By  stealth,  'twixt  verb  and  nown.—Hood. 


WHA  T  WbJiDS  SA  V.  135 

_Re=back,  again  (continued). 

i?esplendent. .  .splend  *.  .shine. . .  .ent.  -ing. . .  .re.  .back, 

/Restore staiiv  f . . place . . .  .re. . back. 

/Restrain strain  {strinff) .  .bind j*e.  .back. 

i»*esurrection . . .surrectX .  ■  rise . . . .ion . . ing . . .  .re. . again 

ii*6^tard tard ■ . slow . . .  .7'e. . back. 

li^etire tir.  .pull,  draw. .  .  .re.  .back. 

J^etrieve ti'O  V .  .  find re .  .  again. 

J^eveal vel .  ■  veil . . .  .re. . back. 

Review   view  again. 

"  Shall  man  alone,  for  whom  all  else  revives, 
No  resurrec  tion  know  ? —  Young. 

jKe=thing. 

,  ReaX belonging  to  things. 

jBebus made  up  of  things  (or  objects).^ 

l^epublic Si  public  thing  (or  concern). 

*  A  re' bus  is  a  composition  expressed  in  objects  (or  things). 

2^ec^=  right,  Straight. 

Y)\rect straight . . .  .di. . apart. 

¥.rect e. . out  (up) rect . . right.^ 

Rect'iiy    fi-  ■  make rect . . right. 

/rectilinear.  .  .  .straight  lines  having. 

liect'itvidQ right it  tide . .  ness. 

J^CC^angle (having  only)  right  angles. 

Correct (make)  right ....  cor  (cou) .  .with. 

*  But  man  He  made  of  angel  form  erect' , 
To  hold  communion  with  the  heavens  above. — Pollok. 

*  A  splen'dXA  example  is  a  shining  ont.. 

t  A  re.r7rt«rant  restores  the  strength  that  has  been  wasted  by  hunger. 

+  An  xvi.siir'-ec'txo'n.  is  a  rising  {or  uprisi/ic)  ivithiii  a  country. 


136  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Beg,  roy—]dng. 

BeffSil king....a^.ly.'^ 

Megicide king cid  {cced) .  ■  slay(er). 

Boyal king..  ..al.Ay. 

Viceroy •  .vice,  .in  the  place  of roy.  .(the)  king 

Cordu'/'O?/ the  cord  of  the  king}' 

Pomeroy jfoni . .  (the)  apple roy . .  king. 

heroy le.  .the  —  roy . . king. 

■*  And  with  ihem  comes  a  third  of  re'ga/ port, 
But  faded  splendor  wan. — Milton. 

^  Oh  for  the  garb  that  mark'd  the  boy, 
The  trousers  made  of  corduroy' , 
Well  inked  with  black  and  red. — Hood. 

ItU2)t,  rout— break,  broken. 

Hupture (a)  break ure . .  ing. 

Abt'Upt break ab. . from,  away. 

Bankrupt*. .  ■  .having  a  broken  bank  (or  credit). 

Qoxrupt break. . .  .cor  (con),  .together.* 

Disrupt  ......  break ....  dis . .  apart. 

Eruption break. . .  .iou.  -ing. . .  .e.  .out. 

Inter/'i^2^^ion.  .break  ....  iou  . .  ing  ....  inter  ■  ■  between. 

Irt'uption break. .  ..ion.  -ing. .      ir  (iit).  .into. 

Rout a  defeat  that  breaks  the  order  of  an  army. 

Route away  or  course  (like  a  beaten  or  broken  path). 

Routine the  following  of  a  beaten  (or  broken)  path. 

Hut a  deep  wheel  track  in  the  road  (or  route). 

Rote the  straight  (or  smooth)  road  (or  route). 

'  For  his  chaste  muse  employed  her  heaven-taught  lyre 
None  but  the  noblest  passions  to  inspire, 
Not  one  immoral,  one  corrupt' ed  xhoxx^X, 
One  line  which,  dying,  he  could  wish  to  blot. — Lord  Littleton. 

*  The  term  originated  in  connection  with  the  money  changers  of  Italy.  They  sat  ivi  tl.v 
market  place  with  their  money  di'^nl-'ved  on  a  bench  (or  banc  as  it  was  called)  before  them. 
When  one  of  these  financial  gentlemen  failed  his  banc  (cit  brnch)  was  said  to  be  broken, 
and  he  was  styled  a  bank'-rnpt.  The  modern  bciiik  inherits  its  name  from  the  unimposing 
money-^f«cA  (banc)  of  mediaeval  Italy. 


IVI/A  T   IVOADS  SA  Y.  137 

Sucvsiva&nt . . .  .the  /w/y  ceremony  or  service. 

Sacrifice Jic  {/'(ic) .  .  make. .  .  .sacv. .  (a)  holy  (offering). 

>S'ac/*ilege ^e^/.. gather,  plunder..  ..sacv.  .holy  (places).-' 

Sacred holy. 

^V<6"/'istan the  keeper  of  the  /w/j  vestments. 

Consecrate. . . .  ate . .  (make) ....  sacr . .  holy ....  con . .  with. 

'Desecrate ate . .  (make) . . .  .de.  .nn seer . . holy. 

Sexton the  sacristan. 

"  Most  sacrilegious  murder  hath  broke  ope 
The  Lord's  anointed  temple,  and  stole  thence 
The  life  o'  the  building. — Shakespeare. 

Sal= salt. 

Saline sa/fy. 

Salad a  thoroughly  pickled  (as  if  salted^  dish. 

Salt'^etxe. ....    .  .petr . .  rock ....  sal . .  salt. 

SalevatViS {a)€r .  .air  (or  gas). . .  .sal.  .salt.*^ 

{^a\t)-cellar ar{i)  ■ .  that  which  (holds)   . . .  sal . .  salt. 

Sauce*  (sals) ....  sal . .  salt . . .  .s. .  ed.** 

Souse  (sals) sal . .  salt .......  ed.° 

Sausage  (sals) . .  .age.  .that  which  (is).. .  .sal.  .salt.  ...s.  .ed. 
Salary ary  ■  •  that  which  (is  paid  for) sal . .  salt.** 

^  Salera'tus  is  the  sail  that  produces  gas. 
^  Sauce  is  a  preserve  (as  if  salted). 
^  To  souse  is  to  plunge  into  (as  into  salt  brine). 
^  A  salary  at  first  meant  a  sum  paid  to  soldiers  for  the  pur- 
chase of  salt. 

Sal,  Salt =\esip,  spring. 

Salmon the  leaper.\ 

Sally a  sudden  spring  (or  rush).'^ 

*  Sau'ccT  meant  originally  a  dish  for  sauce. 

+  While  lightly  poised,  thy  scaly  brood 
In  myriads  cleave  the  crystal  flood  ; 
The  springing  trimt  in  speckled  pride  ; 
The  saC »ion^  monarch  of  the  tide. — Smollett. 


138  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

rS^ssail spring as  (ad) . .  against.'' 

c\ssault spring ....  as  (ad) . .  against.* 

Ex{s)ult leap ex. . out  (or  up). 

I  nsult spring . . . .  m . .  against. 

Result spring re. . back. 

Somersault  )  •  ,  . 

^  —  spring  —  somer  (supra) . .  over. 

[.S'a^ient] spring.  .  .  .ient.  .ing. 

[Desultory] leap ory . . ing .  .de. . from. 

*  O  lost  to  virtue,  lost  to  manly  thought, 
Lost  to  the  noblest  sallies  of  the  soul! 
Who  think  it  solitude  to  be  alone. —  Young. 

*•  To  assail  a  wearied  man  were  shame, 
And  stranger  is  a  holy  name. — Scott. 

Salv,  Salut—save,  safe,  health. 

Salvation salv . .  save ation  ■  ■  ing. 

Salver salv . . save . . .  .er. . that  which.* 

Salvo salv . .  save  (you)." 

Salve a  healing  ointment. 

Salutary salut . . health art/ . .  f ul.° 

Salute salut.  .health  (to  you).'' 

Save sa{l)v . .  save.f 

Safe salv . .  safe. 

{Salvage] salv . .  save age . .  ing.^ 

'■"  A  sal'ver  is  a  dish  or  platter  on  which   refreshments  and 
other  articles  are  presented.  J 

^  A  salvo  is  a  salute  {save you)  of  artillery. 

*  'Tis  a  bower  of  Arcadian  sweets, 
Where  Flora  is  still  in  her  prime  ; 
A  fortress  to  which  she  retreats 
From  the  cruel  assaults'  of  the  clime. — Cowper, 
t  Such  was  the  wreck  of  the  Hesperus, 
In  the  midnight  and  the  snow  ; 
Christ  save  us  all  from  a  denth  like  this. 
On  the  reef  of  Norman's  Woe  ! — Lnngfelloiv. 

\  In  former  times  the  servant  was  required  to  taste  what  was  on  the  platter  to  save  the 
master  from  being  poisoned. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  K  139 

'  Let  thy  pride  pardon  what  thy  nature  needs, 
The  salutary  censure  of  a  friend. —  Yoting. 

**  Whatever  sweets  salute  the  northern  sky 
With  vernalW^ts  that  blossom  but  to  d)e. — Goldsmith. 

Sal  'vage  is  an  allowance  given  for  saving  vessels  at  sea. 


SC0p=^seer,  viewer. 

Episcoi>al al. .  .  .belonging  to  ....  epi  . .  upon    (or 

over)  ....  scop,  .seer (belonging    to   a   bishop,   an 

overseer). 

Kaleido«co/>e seer   (of) kal.  .beautiful eid  . . 

form(s). 

Microscope seer  (of) .  .  .  .niicr.  .small  (things). 

Teles6*Oi>e seer  (of  things) tele,  .afar  off. 

[Horo.sc02>e] (a)  view  (of  the  planets  at  the) {hov) . 

hour  (of  one's  birth). 

Scvibe a  writer. 

Scribble to  do  careless  writing. 

Circumsc/*/&e to  limit,  as  by  a  line  written  or  drawn .... 

circum.  .around. 
Describe (to  give  an  account  as  if)  writing. . .  .de 

.  .down. 

Inscribe write ....  in . .  in,  upon.  * 

Prescribe write . . .  .pre . .  before. 

Subscribe write  ....  sub . .  under. 

Transscribe write ....  trans . .  across  (or  over). 

[A.scr/6e] to  grant  or  allow  (as  if  putting  down  in 

writing .  .  . .  «  {ad)  .  .  to. 
[Prosci'ibe] write.  .  .  .pro.  .forth  or  (publicly).'' 

"  On  mouldered  columns  sfratc/icd  his  name 
But  ne'er  inscrib' ed  it  in  the  book  of  life. — Pollok. 


140  }V//A  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  To  proscribe  an  individual  is  to  cut  him  off  from  ordmary 
privileges  or  protection,  like  the  men  whose  names  were 
written  in  \ht  public  list  at  Rome.* 

>S>cri2^^=:  written. 

Script the  characters  written  by  the  hand. 

Sci'iptnre. .  .that  which  is  written. 
CovYSCVipt. .  .  written  ....  con  ■  ■  with.^ 
Desc/'/7>if ion. that  which  describes,  as  if  in  writi?ig. 

Inscription. .  ion . .  that  which  (is) script . .  written 

in.  .in,  upon. 
Post8cWy>f.  ..written . . .  .^JOSt.  .after. 
Transc/'/7>^.  .written tran{s) .  .across  (or  over  again).^ 

""  A  conscript  is  one  drawn  by  lot  to  serve  in  the  army,  and 

whose  name  is  thence  written  with  others  in  a  list. 

•^  What  tran  scripts  of  my  weal  or  woe, 
This  little  signal  yet  may  lock! 
What  utt'rances  to  friend  and  foe 
In  reason's  calm  or  passion's  shock! — Campbell. 

Secl^sit,  settle. 

Sedate seat ....  ate . .  ed.^' 

^e^Ziment ....  that  which  has  settled. 

Sedentary  .  ..(try .  .belonging  to sed-  .sit ent.  .ing.** 

Preside sit . . .  .jJi'e   .  before. 

Keside settle . . .  .I'e  . back. 

Subside settle  ....  sub . .  under,  down. 

Supersede . .  .sit . . . . super . . over.° 

^  A  sedate'  person  is  composed  (as  if  seated). 

^  Sed'entary  occupations  involve  much  sitting  in  doors. 

♦  It  was  common  in  Rome  for  a  triumphant  faction  to  resort  to  the  wholesale  destruction 
of  its  enemies.  A  list  of  the  doomed  was  made  in  secret  and  without  trial,  and  this  list 
was  posted  throughout  the  city.  It  was  made  lawful  for  any  person  to  destroy  a  pro, 
scribed  man,  and  the  murderer  of  the  unfortunate  one  could  even  hope  for  preferment 
from  the  government.  By  alternate  triumphs  and  proscriptions  the  noble  families  of  Rome 
were  exterminated. 


IVHA  r  WORDS  SA  V.  141 


c  ■ 


To  supersede  is  to  take  the  place  of  (and  therefore  sit  over 
or  above).* 

Senior old ior . .  er. 


a 


>S'enate a  body  composed  of  old  men.^ 

Seneschal old schal  {shalks).  .servant." 

Senile belonging  to  the  very  old. 

Sire  (senior) old  —  ior . .  er. 

Sir  (senior) old ior.  .er. 

Surly disagreeable  (like  an  overbearing  sir). 

[Seigiiior] old ioj'. .  er. 

[Sif/nor] old ....  (i)oi' . .  er."" 

'  Th'  applause  of  listening  sen'afesj-  to  command. — Gray. 

^  With  solemn  step  and  silver  wand, 
The  sen  eschal  the  presence  scanned 
Of  those  strange  guests. — Scott. 

"Argosies  with  portly  sail. 
Like  signiors  and  rich  burghers  on  the  fiood. — Shakespeare. 

Sent,  sens=fee\,  perceive. 

Assent feel as  (ad) .  ■  toward.^' 

Consent feel  (or  agree) con . .  with. 

Dissent feel dis .  ■  apart  (or  from)." 

Presentiment . .  nient . .  that  which    (we) ....  sent . .  feel .... 
pre.  .before(hand). 

Resent feel re. . again  (and  again). "= 

Scent feel,  perceive  (by  the  sense  of  smell). 

*  Then  one  deep  love  doth  supersede' 
All  others  when  her  ardent  gaze 
Roves  from  the  living  brother's  face, 
And  rests  upon  the  Life  indeed. —  Tennyson. 
+  "  Old  men  for  council,  young  men  for  war,"  is  the  motto  on  which  a  senate  is  consti- 
tuted.    When  Rome  was  sacked  by  the  Gauls  the  Senate  thought  it  unbecoming  in  their 
body  to  withdraw  with  the  rest  of  the  population.     So  they  sat  at  their  several  thresholds 
and  calmly  awaited  the  end.     The  barbarians  were  amazed  at  the  white  bearded  figures 
and  regarded  them  at  first  with  some  awe.     Gradually  they  dared  to  stroke  their  beards  and 
pass  their  hands  over  their  bodies.     At  length  finding  that  they  were  but  mortal  men  they 
destroyed  them.     The  Constitution  of  the  United  States  recognizes  the  importance  of  age 
in  limiting  eligibility  to  the  Senate  to  those  who  have  reached  the  age  of  thirty  years. 


142  WIIA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Senst feel(ing),  perceiv(ing). 

Sentence (that    which    expresses) ...    sent. .  feel  .... 

ence.  .ing. 
Sentiment Client,  .that    which    (one)   . .  .sent.  .iee.\{s) 

(or  thinks). f 

^  In  assent' ing  to  a  request  one  feels  inclined  toward  \t* 

^  To  dissent'  is  to  disagree   with  (in  consequence  of  feeling 

very  differently,  or  apart). 

•^To  resent'  a  wrong  is  to  have  very  strong  and  continuous 

feeling  in  regard  to  it. 

Sequ,  semit=io\\ow. 

Consecutive,  .follow.  .  .  .ive.  .ing. .  .  .con.  .with.* 
Con^eg  If  ence .  follow ....  ence . .  ing ....  coti  ■  ■  with.** 
Execute    .... {s)ec'ut . . follow  —  ex. . out.*" 
ObseQ'/rious  .  .sequ. .  follow. . . .  ob.  .near.'^ 
Persecute   . .  .follow.  .  .  .per.  .through  (or  thoroughly).® 
Prosecute ....  follow .  .  .  .jjvo .  .  forth.^ 

.Second sec  (sequ).  .follow ond  (und) .  .ing.^ 

Sequel el.  .that  which sequ.  .follow(s).J 

Subsequent . . .  follow ....  ent . .  ing ....  sub ..  under  (or  after). 

[Consequent] .  follow ent . .  ing con . .  with. 

*  Three  consec'utive  days  are  days  following  immediately  one 
7s.<ith  the  other. 

'°  Every  act  has  its  coii  sequence  {or  following). 

"  To  execute  the  laws  is  to  follow  them  out  into  effect. 

♦Virtue  engages  his  assent' , 

But  Pleasure  wins  his  heart.— Ca7ii/ibeU. 

+  Unmoved  by  sentiment' a!  grief 
That  wails  along  some  printed  leaf, 
But  prompt  with  kindly  word  and  deed 
To  own  the  claims  of  all  who  needl— mHiier. 

t  Though  humble  here,  it  soon  will  find 
That  in  the  se'quel 
The  haughtiest  laird  o'  human  kind 

Is  but  its  equal.—//.  F.  Gould.  i 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  14S 

"^  An  obse'quious  person  pays  cringing  respect  {following  near 
to  fawn  and  flatter.) 

"  To  persecute  is  to  follow  with  malice. 

f  To  prosecute  an  undertaking  is  lo  follow  it  forth.  To  pros- 
ecute a  criminal  is  \o  follotv  \i\vs\  forth  to  his  punishment. 

s  The  sec' ond follows  the  first. 

Ser,  sert—]o\n,  connect. 

Assert join  (lay  claim). .  .  .(ts  {ad),  .to.* 

Concert.  .  .  .join co^l . .  together. 

De.se*'^ (le-  -un sert.  .join.* 

Insert join ....  in . .  in. 

Series a  row  (that  which  is  connected). 

Serried. . .  .joined  closely  together;  as  the  serried  x2cnVs  of  an 
army. 

»  But  lo  !  from  high  Hymettus  to  the  plain, 
The  queen  of  night  asserts  her  silent  reign. — Byron. 

^eri;=keep,  heed,  serve. 

Cons^ri^atory   .  . .  atory . .  place     for serv .  ■  keep(ing) . . 

con.  .together.^ 

Con.se rvative ....  keep ative . .  ing con . .  together.'' 

Deserve serve . . .   de . .  down  (or  fully). "^ 

Observe keep . . .  .ob. . near."* 

Fx-eser'Ve keep jn'e.  .before(hand). 

Reserve keep. . .  .7*e.  .back. 

Servsint serve ....  ant  .  ing. 

[Sub.seri^e] serve ....  sub .  ■  under. 

[Sub.se^^^ient] .  .  .serve.  .  .  .ient.  .ing stlb .  .under." 

*  In  a  conserv' atory  plants  are  kept  together. 


*  But  wherefore  need  I  wander  wide 
To  old  Ilissus'  distant  side, 

Desert' ed  stream,  and  mute  ? 
Wild  Arun  too  has  heard  thy  strains, 
And  Echo,  midst  my  native  plains. 
Been  soothed  by  Pity's  lute.  — CW//;/j. 


t 


144  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

^  A  consent' alive  person   is   careful   to  keep  together  what   he 

possesses,  instead  of  risking  it  with  a  view  to  gain. 

•=  None  but  the  brave  deserves  the  fair. — Dryden. 

■^  Then  her  cheek  was  pale  and  thinner  than  should  be  for  one  so  young; 
And  her  eyes  on  all  my  motions  with  a  mute  observance*  hung. 

—  Tennyson 

*  And  there  she  sits  most  meek  and  most  alone; 
As  if  she  had  not  pomp  subservient. — Keats.     (The  Moon.) 

>Sf/s^=:  Stand,  cause  to  stand. 

Assist stand. . .  .ad.  .to  (or  near). 

Consist stand  . . .  .cotl.  .together. 

Desist stand. . .  .de.  .from. 

Exist {s)ist .  stand ex . .  out.'* 

Insist stand  . . .  .in.  .in  (or  against). 

Persist stand  . . .  .jiST.  .through  (or  thoroughly). 

Resist cause  to  stand  . . .  .fe.  .back. 

Subsist stand stlb.  .under,  near.** 

^  That  which  exists'  stands  out  to  view.f 

^  We  subsist'  (live,  or  sta?id  near  by)  on  food. 

^oZ=alone. 

Desolate   . . .  de . .  fully  (or  completely) ...   sol  .  alone.* 
>S'o?itary. . .  .(ivtf.  .belonging  to. .  .sol.  .lone. .  .it.  .(liness).J 
>S^O^itude. .  ..alone. . .  .it tide.  .ness.§ 

*  And  as  he  forms  their  docile  youth 
To  walk  the  steady  paths  of  truth, 
Observes  them  shootinp  into  men, 
And  lives  in  them  life  o'er  again. — Lloyd. 

t  That's  hallow'd  ground— where,  mourn'd  and  miss'd, 
The  lips  repose  our  love  has  kiss'd; 
But  where  s  their  memory's  mansion  ?     Is't 

Yon  churchyard's  bowers? 

No  !  in  ourselves  their  souls  exist, 

A  part  of  ours.— -Ca»z/>be/t. 

X  Whither,  midst  falling  dew. 
While  glow  the  heavens  with  the  last  steps  of  day. 
Fax,  through  their  rosy  depths,  dost  thou  pursue 

Thy  sol'itary  way  ? — Bryant.    (To  a  Water  Fowl). 

§  O  Sol'itude,  where  are  the  charms 
That  s.iges  have  seen  in  thy  face  ? 
Better  dwell  in  the  midst  of  alarms 
Than  reign  in  this  horrible  place.— Ct)7tt/^r. 


WIIA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  145 

/Soliloquy.  ..loqu.  .speak. . .   y.  .ing. , .  .sol.  .alone. 

Solo (sing)  alone. 

Sole a/one,  only. 

SjUllen morose,  disagreeable  (as  if  hating  company,  and 

wishing  to  be  alone). 

*  Ah  !  there  in  de sola! Hon  cold. 
The  desert  serpent  dwells  alone. 
Where  grass  o'ergrows  each  mould'ring  bone. — Catnpbell. 

SolVf    SolUf   SOlut— loosen. 

Absolute   ...  loosened ....  ah . .  from  (all  restriction).* 

Ahsolfje . .    .  .  loosen ....  ab  ■  ■  from. 

Dissolute. .  .  loosened. . .  .(lis.  .apart  (or  utterly).'' 

Dissolve loosen (lis.  .apart.* 

Kesollite. .  ..being  resolved."^ 

Resolve solv . . loosen . . .  .re. . back. 

Solve loosen  (unfold). 

Soluble   . . .  loosen  (or  dissolve) . . .   blc  .able. 
Solution  —  dissolve toil  ■  ■  ing. 

"  An  ab' solute  monarch  is  free  or  {loosened')  from  all  restraint. 

His  fair  large  front  and  eye  sublime  declar'd 
Absolute  rule. — Milton. 

**  A  dis  solute  person  is  bitterly  loose  in  his  habits. 
•^  To  resolve'  is  to  reach   a  decision  or  determination,  as   if 
after  careful  examination  (or  loosening  the  matter  back). 

S2WCt=\ook,  see. 

Asj^ecf look (( {(I)  . .  at.^ 

Circumsjject look.  .  .  .cirf^UtH.  .around.** 

Ex^pect {s)pe€t . . look . . .  .ex. . out. 

Inspect look ....  i^i . .  into. 

Persjyecfive look ive.  .ing j*^^'-  -through. 

*  The  cloud-clapp'd  towers,  the  gorgeous  palaces. 
The  solemn  temples,  the  great  globe  itself, 
Yea,  all  which  it  inherit,  shall  itissoive': 
And,  like  this  insubstantial  pageant  faded. 
Leave  not  a  rack  behind. — Shakespeare. 
lO 


146  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Prospect look. . .  .jyvo .  .before  (or  ahead).* 

Respect look ....  j-e . .  back.'= 

Retrospect look ....  retro . .  backward. 

Sj^ectacle that  at  which  people  /oo^. 

Spectacles things  through  which  to  look. 

Spectator look. .  .  .ator.  .er  (on). 

Spectre )'e. .  that  which  (is) .... spect- . seen. 

Suspect look. . .  .su{b) .  .under.** 

^  The  aspect  of  anything  is  its  appearance  (or  look  at). 

Then  lend  the  eye  a  terrible  aspect' . — Shakespeare. 
^  A  cir  cmnspect  person  is  careful  to  look  around  to  see  that 
everything  is  all  right. 

High-reaching  Buckingham  grows  cii-cuntspect. — Shakespeare. 
•^  When  we  respect'  a  person  we  have  a  tendency  to  look  Oack 
to  him. 

^  At  thirty  man  suspects'  himself  a  fool. —  Young. 

Aspire breathe (f{f7).  .toward.^ 

Consp/ye breathe  ....  coil .  .  together.'' 

Exjjire {s)i}ir.  .breathe.  .  .  .ex-  .out. 

Inspire breathe. .  .  .iii.  .in. 

Persjjire breathe.  .  .  .per.  .through. 

Respire breathe. . ,  .ve.  .again. 

Spiracle breathing. .  .  .acle.  ■  (opening). <= 

Spirit it.  .tliat  which  (people)  .  ..spir .  .breathe.*^ 

Transpire breathe. .  .  .trfdts.  .across."^ 

*  To  aspire'  to  anything  is  to  seek  it  eagerly  (or  with  quick- 
ened breatii). 

To  me  thy  strong  aspiring  hopes. 

Thy  faith,  thy  fervors  lend. — Barhatild 

*  For  whereso'er  I  turn  my  ravished  eyes, 
Gay,  cril'led  scenes  in  'ihining  /"-ox'/ieci  rise  ; 
Poetic  fields  encompass  me  around, 
And  still  I  seem  to  tread  on  classic  ground. — Addison. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  147 

^  When  men  conspire'  they  get  close  together  (and  conse- 
quently breathe,  or  whisper  together). 

All  the  cotispir  ators,  save  only  he, 

Did  that  they  did  in  envy  ol  great  Caesar. — Shakespeare. 

•^  The  spir'acle  of  a  shell  is  a  breathing-hole. 

^  The  spirit  was  supposed  to  be  the  breath. 

^  When  a  matter  transpires'  it  becomes   publicly   known    (as 

if  breathed  across  a  partition). 

Staitt,  stance=s\.^\-\d\ng. 

Circnmstance .  ..standing clrcum.  .around.'* 

Constant standing.  .  .  .con,,  .with. 

Distant standing. .  .  .dl.  .apart. 

Extant {s)tant.  .standing. .  .  .e.x.  .out.^ 

Instance standing. .  .  .in.  .in  (or  near  by), 

Staili^Q. (a)  standing  (or  stopping).*^ 

Substance standing. .  .  .sub . . under. "^ 

"■  Condition,  circunistaiice,  is  not  the  thing  ; 
Bliss  is  the  same  in  subject  or  in  king. — Pope. 

^A  book  is  ex'tant^\\&n  it  stills  exists  {sta?ids  out). 

•=  A  stanza  is  a  division  of  poetry,  at  the  end  of  which  a  stop 
(or  stand )  is  made. 

^  The  sub' stance  of  a  thing  upholds  it  (as  if  by  standing 
under). ^ 

Strii,  striict=h\jiM. 

Construct build,  .con.  .together. 

Construe build.  .  .  .con.  .together.* 

Destroy de.  .\xn stroy{stru) . . build. f 

*  The  Arve  and  Arveiron  at  thy  base 
Rave  ceaselessly  ;  but  thou,  most  awful  Form  ! 
Risest  from  forth  thy  silent  sea  of  pines, 
How  silently  !     Around  thee  and  above 
Deep  is  the  air,  and  dark,  iu/>s(a'i'/ni/,  black, 
An  ebon  mass  ;  methinks  thou  piercest  it 
As  with  a  wedge  ! — Coleridge  (On  Mont  Blanc). 

+  Let  fate  do  her  worst,  there  are  moments  of  joy, 
Bright  dreams  of  the  past,  which  she  cannot  destroy' : 
Which  come  in  the  night  time  of  sorrow  and  care. 
And  bring  back  the  features  that  joy  used  to  wear. — Moore. 


148  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Instruct build in-  •in.'' 

Instrtiment that  which stril.  .build(s). . .  .in.  .in/ 

Obstrncf build. .  .  .oh.  .against. 

Strticture build lire.  .ing. 

Stuperst}' nature,  .the  building. . .  .super,  .over  (the  founda- 
tion). 

*  To  construe  a  person's  meaning  is  to  huild  it  together  piece 

by  piece. 

There's  no  art 
To  find  the  mind's  const)-uciion  in  the  face. — Shakespeare. 

^  To  instruct'  is  to  bui/d  up  knowledge  in  the  mind.* 
'^An  instrument  is    a    tool    or   implement  (as   useful  as  a 
building  implement). 

Sub  —  Mi-\(\Qr,  after. 

Suh2i\ie.rn under. . .  .alter,  .another.'"^ 

Suhdne. (lu{e).  .lead. . .  .sub. . .  .under. 

Subjugate ate.  .put. . .  ..sub.  .under. .  .  .juff . .  yoke.^ 

Sublunary ClJ'y .  .being. . .  .sub.  .under lun.  .the 

moon. 

Submerge inerr/ . .  plunge ....  silb .  .  under. 

Subpcena under . , .  .2)(Jen . .  pain,  penalty.'^ 

Subside slfJ .  .sit,  settle. . .  .sub .  .under,  down. 

>S'/f?>stitute Stitut.  .place. .  .  .sub  ■  .under  (or  in  place  of). 

S ubterranean. . .anenu  .  .being sub.  .under terr. . 

earth,  ground. f 
Suburbs   sub.  .under,  near. . . .  urbs.  .city.*^ 

^  A  lieutenant  is    a  subal'terii  officer  serving  under  another    ' 
officer  (the  captain), 

*  Delightful  task  !  to  rear  the  tender  thought, 
To  teach  the  young  idea  how  to  shoot, 
To  pour  the  fresh  instrnc'tion  o'er  the  mind, 
To  breathe  th'  enliv'ning  spirit,  and  to  fix 
The  gen'rous  purpose  in  the  glowing  hre.a.st.  — Thomson. 

t  Man  but  dives  in  death  ; 
Dives  from  the  sun,  in  fairer  day  to  rise, 
The  grave  his  subUrra' nean  road  to  bliss.— Fi7a«^. 


WHAT  WORDS  SAY.  149 

^  A  sub'jugated  country  is  put  under  the  yoke  of  the  conqueror. 

*=  A  subpoe  iia  is  an  order  to  appear  in  court,  utider  pain  of 

)\&a.vypenaltics  in  case  of  disobedience. 

'^  There  is  no  death  !     What  seems  so  is  transition  ; 
This  life  of  mortal  breath 
Is  but  a  sub'urb  of  the  life  Elysian, 
Whose  portal  we  call  death. — Longfellow. 

Stlf  (sub)  =  uuder,  after. 

Suffer fer . .  bear silf. . under. 

/S'/f/fice ./ic  {flee) .  .make,  do. .  .  .suf.  .under.* 

St( fdcient flc.  .do ieiit.  -ing. . .  .suf.  .under.'' 

/S'/(/fix .flx .  .  fastened ....  suf.  ■  after, 

>S'i</'focate put. . .  .saf.  .under fauc.  .the  throat. •= 

tSufinse fus.  .pour.  .  .  .suf.  .under.^ 

^  A  quantity  suffi'ces  when  it  meets  a  need  (as  if  upholding 
that  need  by  bearing  under'). 

Insatiate  archer  !  could  not  one  sttffice  ? —  Voting. 

^  A  quantity  is  sufficient  when  it  supplies  (upholds  or  bears 
under)  a  need. 

•^  To  suffocate  is  to  stifle  (as  by  something  put  tmder  the 
mouth  and  breathed  into  the  throat). 

•'The  eyes  are  sujfused'  with  tears  when  the  tears  pour  tinder 
their  lids. 

Stun,  Sllinpt—tdi^e,  seize. 

Assume take as  (ad)  ■  -to.^ 

Consmne take. . .  .eon.  .together  (or  completely).'' 

Pre.suine take . . .  .jTi'e. .  before,  beforehand, ° 

Resume take. .  .  .re.  .back,  again. 

^  A  general  assumes  command  when  he  takes  to  himself  the 
leadership  of  an  army. 

Then  should  the  warlike  Harry,  like  himself, 
Assume  the  port  of  Mars. — Shakespeare. 


150  WHAT  WORDS  SAY. 

^  We  consume'  food  in  taking  it  completely  for  the  nourishment 

of  our  bodies. 

"  Know,  then,  thyself  ;  presume'  not  God  to  scan; 
The  proper  study  of  mankind  is  man. — Pope. 

Super =over,  above. 

Super^ciaX super,  .over. . . .fid {fact)  the  face.'' 

Suj^ei'fine over  (or  extra)  ^ne. 

SiijJef  intend lUfeiid'^ . .  apply    the   mind super . . 

over.  '' 

Superior above, . .  .tor.  .more. 

Superlsiiive lat.  .carried. .  .super  ■  .above  (all  others). 

Supe7*n\xmev2iry..super .  .over.  .  ..iiuiner.  .number.'* 
Silpei'scription... script,  .written,  .super.  .over.° 
;S^?/7>e>'Structure  ..the  structure  above  the  foundation. 
Supervise over. . .  .vis.  .see. 

^  A  ,y///^r_;f^'/a/ examination  is  confined  to  the  outside  [or  over- 
face). 

^  A  supernu'merary  is  an  extra  one  (hence  an  over-number). 
*  The  superscrip' tion  of  a  letter  is  what  is  written  on  the  outside. 


Stir =over,  above. 

Suriace over  the  face  (or  figure).* 

Surname an  extra  (or  over)  name. 

iV?/./'plus over . . .  .jtlus . .  more.** 

^'/f>'prise .pris.  .grasp,  seize.  .SUV.  .over  (or  upon), 

^S'fM'render render  (or  give)  over. 

Sui'vey over. .  .  .ve.  .see. 

*S'*/^vive vir.  .live.  .  .  .sur.  .over  (or  beyond). 

^  The  sur' face  is  the  outside  part  (the  over-figure). 
''  A  sur  plus  is  an  excess  (so  much  more  over). 


*  When  we  intend'  to  do  a  thing  we  apply  our  tiiiiid  in  that  direction. 


c 


WI-IA  T  WORDS  SA  V.  151 

To  surprise'  one  is  to  take  (or  seize  upon)  him  unawares. 

A  whisper  and  then  a  silence  ; 

Yet  I  know  by  their  merry  eyes 
They  are  plottine;  and  planning  togfether 

To  take  me  by  sin-prise. — Longfellow. 

Taill^cnt. 

Tailor fffilil) . .  cut or . .  er.=* 

Detail tail  {I) . .  cut de . .  down  (or  into  pieces)." 

Entail tail{l) .  . cut en  . . into  * 

Retail taiJ{l) .  . cut re. .  again.'^ 

Tally a  notched  (or  ci/t)  stick. '^ 

*  A  tai'lor  cuts  cloth  and  makes  clothing. 

"  The  details'  of  a  story  are  the  small  pieces  info  which  it  vicut 
(or  divided). 

'^  The  rdail'er  sells  his  cloth  in  small  pieces,  and  thus  has  oc- 
casion to  cut  it  again  and  again. 

He  is  wit's  pedlar,  and  retails  his  wares 
At  wakes  and  wassels,  meetings,  markets,  fairs; 
And  we  that  sell  by  gross,  the   Lord  doth  know. 
Have  not  the  grace  to  grace  it  with  such  show. 

—  Shakespeare. 

'^  A  tal'ly  is  a  reckoning  (as  if  kept  with  a  notched  or  cut 
stick). 

Tain  (fc?i)=hold. 

httahi .hold  (or  reach) at  {ad),  .unto.f 

Contain hold. . .  .con  .  .together. 

Detain hold ....  de . .  from  (or  back). 

Eniertdin hold.  .  .  .etktcv  {iufci')  ■  .among.* 

*  In  England  an  estate  is  cnf ni'l'cd  y/hen  the  immediate  heir  receives  but  a  limited  rather 
than  an  absolute  ownership  in  it.  This  limitation  cuts  into  his  rights.  But  the  entailing 
is  done  by  the  parent  or  ancestor.  Hence,  any  inconvenience,  trouble  or  disgrace  coming 
from  an  ancestor  is  said  to  be  entailed  upon  his  posterity. 

t  Lowliness  is  young  ambition's  ladder. 
Whereto  the  climber  upward  turns  his  face: 
But  v/hen  he  once  attains'  the  upmost  round, 
He  then  unto  the  ladder  turns  his  back, 
Looks  in  the  clouds,  scorning  the  base  degrees 
Bj'  which  he  did  ascend. — Shakespeare. 


153  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

yiaintain hold  (with  the)  —  main  (man) . .  hand.** 

Obtain hold . . .  .oh.   near. 

Certain hold . . .  .jye)' . .  through,  thoroughly.^ 

Retain hold . . .  .re. . back. 

Sustain hold sas  (silhs).  .up.^ 

^  One  is  entet-tained  when  he  is  /^^r/^a;;/^;/^  things  that  amuse 

him. 

''  Men,  who  their  duties  know, 
But  know  their  rights;  and,  knowing,  dare  maintain! . — Jones. 

•^  When  one  \\\\x\<g pertains'  to  another  it  holds  (or  belongs")  to 

that  other  thoroughly. 

^  Sky. — You  take  my  house  when  you  do  take  the  prop 
That  doth  stcstain'  my  house. — Shakespeare. 

T(eZe=afar  off. 

T<??egraph graph . .  write tele  ■ .  afar  off.* 

Tf  ?('scope SCO  J) . .  viewer  (of  things) tele. .  afar. '' 

Tele^gihone phon . .  sound ....  tele . .  afar  off.*^ 

Telegram grani{m) . .  written tele .  afar  off. 

"  The    tel'cgraph   transmits    messages   afar   (and    formerly 

wrote  them  on  paper  at  their  destination). 

*>  '■  A  sail! — a  sail!"' — a  promised  prize  to  Hope! 
Her  nation — flag — how  speaks  the  tel'escope? — Byron. 

'^  The  tel'ejhone  transmits  sound  to  a  distance  {afar  off). 

Tenant (a  person)  hold ....  ant  ■  •  ing (property).* 

Te^iement merit,  .that  which  is  held  temporarily. 

Teiion on . .  that  which ....  ten . .  hold(s). 

Tenacious hold  . . .  .OHS.  -ing. . .  .ac.  .(fast). 

Tenor or.  .that  which ten.  .hold(s). 

♦  The  Niobe  of  nations;  there  she  stands. 
Childless  and  crownless,  in  her  voiceless  woe, 
An  empty  urn  within  her  wither'd  hands, 
Whose  holy  dust  was  scattered  long  ago; 
The  Scipio's  tomb  contains  no  ashes  now; 
The  very  sepulchres  lie  toi'nntless 
Of  their  heroic  dwellers.— i?;'rtf«  (On  Rome). 


a 


W//A  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  153 

Tenable able. . capable  of  (being) .  ..ten.  .hold  (held). 

Tenure hold ....  ui'e . .  ing. 

^  The  ^en'or  voice  /loMs  on  to  the  high  note  in  singing.  The 
Unor  of  a  message  is  its  substance  {f/iaf  ivhich  it  contains,  or 
holds) . 

New  dated  letters  from  Northumberland ; 

Their  cold  (c-iior  and  substance  thus. — Shakespeare. 

Tend,  tens,  te nt =stYetch,  reach. 

Attend reach at  {act) . .  to,  toward.^ 

Contend stretch. . .  .con.  .with,  together. 

Distend stretch ....  dis . .  apart. 

Extend stretch ....  ex . .  out. 

Intend stretch  (the  mind) ....  in . .  into  (or  toward). 

Intense stretched. . .  .in  .  .into  (or  out). 

Tend stretch  (or  reach). 

Tender reac/i  toward.*"^ 

Tendon the  stretcher. 

Tense stretched. 

Tenter a  stretching  frame.* 

*  In  attending  to  a  matter  we  reach  out  toward \t.  » 

But  thou,  lorn  stream,  whose  sullen  tide 

No  sedge-crowned  sisters  now  attend. 
Now  waft  me  from  the  green  hill's  side, 

Whose  cold  turf  hides  the  buried  friend! 

—  Collins  (On  Thomson). 

^  To  ten'der  payment  of  a  debt  is  to  offer  {reach  out)  it  to 
the  creditor. 

Terrm/2.= boundary,  limit,  end. 

Terminate. . .  .to  make  an  end.^ 

Tertninus an  end,  or  /imit. 

Conterniinous.terniin.  .end con.  .together.'' 

Determine to  settle  (or  ^^^^the  matter). 

*  The  proverbial  expression  "  on  the  ten'ter  hooks  "  has  reference  to  the  hooks  of  the 
stretching  frame.  When  one  is  "  on  the  tenter  hooks  "  he  is,  as  it  were,  torn  asunder  with 
anxiety  or  suspense. 


154  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Extemifnate  .  .ex.  .out  (of) tcrniin.  .boundary,'^ 

Inter mltiohle.  .hi  ..not...  .able,  .having — termiii  ..end.* 
Term the   //w//  of   an    office,    also    that  which   is 

limited  to  a  very  exact  use  ;  as,   a  term   of  science,  the 

terms  of  an  agreement. 

*  She  speaks  poniards,  and  every  word  stabs:  if  her  breath  were  as  terri- 
ble as  her  termuia  tions,  there  were  no  living  near  her;  she  would  infect  the 
north  star.  —  Shakespeare. 

^  Two  roads  are  conterminous  when  they  end  together. 
*^  To  exterminate  a  people   is   to   cause  them   to  disappear 
utterly  (as  if  by  driving  them  over  the  boundary  of  the  country). f 

:y(g^f= witness,  bear  witness. 

Attest bear  witness at  {ad),  .to.* 

Contest bear  witness. . .  .con. . together. '^ 

Detest bear  witness ....  de . .  from . 

Protest bear  witness. .  .  .jiro.  .forth  (or  publicly)."^ 

Testify Ji  ■  ■  make  (or  bear) ....  test,  .witness. 

Testimony  . . .  .the  statement  of  a  witness. 

Testament tnent.  .that  which  (is) — test  .witness(ed).'^ 

Testaiov or.  .one  who   . .  .at-  .bears. , .  .test,  .witness 

(to  his  will). 

[Intestate'] in.  .not. . .  .test,  .witness. . .  .ate.  .ed.^ 

"The  birds  their  notes  renew,  and  bleating  herds 
AiUst'X  their  joy,  that  hill  and  valley  rings. — Millon. 

*  Now  the  earth  in  fields  and  hills 
Stirs  with  pulses  of  the  Spring, 
Nest-embowering  hedges  ring 
With  inter' tuinable  tlllls; 
Sunlight  runs  a  race  with  rain, 
All  the  world  grows  young  again — Mathildi  Blind. 

t  The  history  of  savage  or  barbarous  races  has  been  largely  a  history  of  extermination. 
This  did  not  necessarily  mean  total  destruction,  but  it  meant  that  the  weaker  race  must 
tnove  on{over  [\\e.liouiidiiry).  The  latest  extermination  was  that  of  the  Celts  in  England 
by  the  Anglo-Sa.Kons.  After  two  hundred  years  of  heroic  resistance  the  brave  Celts  who 
checked  Julius  Ceesar  were  compelled  to  move  otc7-  the  natural  boimdariis  into  Wales  and 
North  Scotland.     But  for  those  barriers  their  extermination  might  have  been  annihilation. 

X  For  Freedom's  battle  once  begun, 
Bequeathed  by  bleeding  sire  to  son, 
Though  baffled  oft  is  ever  won. 
Bear  witness,  Greece,  thy  living  page, 
Attest  it  many  a  deathless  age  ; 
While  kings,  in  dusty  darkness  hid, 
Have  left  a  nameless  pyramid, 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  155 

^  Those  who  carry  on  a  legal  contest  bear-  witness  together  in 
court.  Those  who  contest'  for  a  prize  struggle  like  litigants 
in  a  court. 

*^  We  bear  witness  publicly  of  our  disapproval  when  we  pro- 
test' or  enter  ^.protest. 

^  A  tes  lament  is  a  last  will  duly  witnessed. 

*  One  who  dies  intes'tate  dies  without  a  (duly  wit?iessed)  will. 

Tract— di-^\\\ 

Attract draw <it  {ad) . .  to. 

Contract draw.  .  .  .coii.  .together. 

Detract draw ....  de . .  from. 

Distract draw. .  .  .dis.  .apart.'' 

Exti^act draw. . .  .ex.  .out. 

Protract draw.  .  .  .}>ro.  .forward, 

Retract draw. . .  .^'e.  .back. 

Subtract draw. . .  .stfb.  .under,  down. 

Tract drawn  (extended).'' 

Tl'actahle draw  (or  bend) ....  able.  .able. 

"  To  distract'  one's  attention  is  to  draw  it  apart  from  some 
matter  that  engages  it. 

» 

Now  every  passion  sinks  to  rest, 

The  throbbing  heart  lies  still; 
And  varying  schemes  of  life  no  more 

Distract  the  lab'ring  will.  —  Carter. 

^  A  tract  of  land  is  spread  (or  drainni)  out  before  the  eye. 
A  tract  on  a  subject  is  an  argument  drawn  up  on  that  subject. 

Toi'f= twist,  wring. 

Confor^ion  .  .twist. . .  .ion.  .ing. . .  .coil.  .together. 

Distort twist. . .  .dis.  .apart. 

Extoi't twist ....  ex . .  out. 

Retort twist . . .  .re. . back.=* 

Thy  heroes,  though  the  general  doom 
Hath  swept  the  column  from  their  tomb, 
A  mij^htier  monument  command. 
The  mountains  of  their  native  land! — Byron. 


156  WHAT  WORDS  SAY. 

Tortoise the  reptile  with  the  crooked  (or  twisted^  feet. 

Toi'^uous. .  ..crooked  (or  twisted);  as  a  toj'tuous  course.^ 

Tot't\xv& wring.  .  .  .iit'e.  -ing  {wri/iging  pain).*  ° 

Tart the  twisted  cake. 

*To  retort'  is  to   make  a  sharp  reply  (as  if  twisting  back  on 

an  assailant).     The   re'tort  used  in  distilling  has  a  tube   bent 

down  {twisted  back). 

^  So  varied  he,  and  of  his  tor'tuous  train 
Curl'd  many  a  wanton  wreath  in  sight  of  Eve. — Milton. 

*  Or,  turning  to  the  Vatican,  go  see 
Laocoon's  tor  im-e  dignifying  pain, 
A  father's  love  and  mortal's  agony 
With  an  immortal's  patience  blending. — Byron. 


TT(ins=^2icross,  through,  over. 

Transier fer  ■  ■  carry,  bear. . . .  trails . . across. 

Transient i.  .go. .  .eiit.  .ing. .  .fra  us.  .across  (or  by). 

Translate  . . .  .lat.  .carry. . .  .trans-  .across  (or  along). 
Transincent . .  luc . .  shine ....  trans . .  across. 

Transmit niit.  .send trans,  .across. 

Transravite\  .  .mnt.  .change trans,  .across. 

Transom tru^n . .  that  which  (is) ....  trans . .  across. 

*  The  great  instrument  of  torture,  the  rack,  was  an  actual  wringer.  The  victim  was 
fastened  upon  it,  and  by  turning  (or  ttvistinff)  some  rollers  his  muscles  were  gradually 
stretched  until  he  suffered  every  possible  degree  of  pain  (or  torture). 

t  The  science  of  chemistry  resulted  from  the  belief  that  gold  can  be  made  from  the  baser 
metals.  The  aLkemists  spent  their  lives  and  centuries  in  quest  of  the  process  of  tr/tns- 
tiiut'intr  base  metals  into  gold.  In  doing  so  they  learned  much  in  regard  to  the  affinities 
of  substances  and  thus  laid  the  foundation  of  the  modern  science  of  chemistry.  The  word 
alc/ieitiy  ra&a.ns  the  iiw/ting:  Many  believed  that  the  philosopher's  stone  would  accom- 
plish/r«;«;«?</rt//(7«,  and  so  they  endeavored  to  find  it.  With  the  notion  of  the  philoso- 
pher's stone  there  also  got  abroad  the  idea  that  there  is  somewhere  an  elixir  of  life  that 
can  arrest  the  approach  of  age  and  death,  and  many  made  the  search  for  so  valuable  a 
liquid  the  business  of  their  lives.  An  old  gentleman  learned  that  the  elixir  flowed  out  in 
a  spring  in  America,  and  that  near  it  were  inexhaustible  supplies  of  gold.  So  he  hastened 
across  to  beat  the  ages  by  getting  the  gold  and  eli.xir  at  once.  He  found  no  gold,  and  in- 
stead of  life  he  met  death  in  the  form  of  a  poisoned  arrow  immediately  after  naming  the 
beautiful  region  Florida  in  token  of  its  wealth  oi  flowers,  and  of  its  discovery  on  Easter, 
the  feast  oi  flowers. 

Philosophers,  dear  girl,  have  toil'd 
Two  thousand  years,  and  still  been  foil'd 
To  find  that  far-fam'd  precious  iA)«^, 
They  arrogantly  call  their  own.— Pratt. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  157 

Transparent .  .par  ■  •  appear,  show ....  ent . .  ing trans 

..through.'^ 

*  Mark  where  transparent  waters  glide, 

Soft  flowing  o'er  their  tranquil  bed; 
There  cradled  on  the  dimpling  tide, 
Nymphoea  rests  her  lovely  head. 

—Charlotte  Smith  (The  Water  Lily). 

Tviangle a  ^/iree  migled  figure.^ 

Ti"ident three dent,  .tooth.^ 

T/"inity the  union  of  three  in  one.*^ 

Trio music  xn^hree  parts. 

Tripod (a  frame  with)  three. . .  .jyod* .  .foot  (feet). 

T'i"ivial al. .  belonging     to ... .  trl ■  ■  three . . .  .vl.  ■  way, 

road(s).'' 

"  While  yet  he  lingered  in  the  rudiments 
Of  scienre,  and  among  her  simplest  laws, 
His  tri' angles — they  were  the  stars  of  heaven, 
The  silent  stars! — Wordsworth. 

^  The  tri' dent  or  sceptre  of  Neptune  had  three  points   (or 
teeth). 

He  would  not  flatter  Neptune  for  his  trident. 
Or  Jove  for  his  power  to  thunder. — Shakespeare. 

*  A  Trinity  there  seems  of  principles, 
Which  represent  and  rule  created  life — 

The  love  of  self,  our  fellows,  and  our  God. — Bailey. 

^  Trivial  talk  is  light  and  meaningless,  like  that  at  the  cross 

roads  tavern  (where  three  ways  meet). 

A  while  on  trivial  things  we  held  discourse, 
To  me  soon  tasteless. —  Wordsworth. 

Tvihut=^Y>^Y,  give,  grant,  assign. 

Kttrihute grant at  {ad),  .to.* 

Contribute give. . .  .con  .  .together. 

Distribute assign ....  dis . .  apart. 

*  The  anti/V'o'es  are  those  directly  opposite  to  us  on  the  other  side  of  the  earth,  ana  wtio 
consequently  have  their /eet  (an/i)  opposite  to  ours. 


a 


158  IV//A  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Retribution pay ion   .ing re.  .back, 

Tt'ibflfe that  which  \s  paid} 

Tvibata.vy paying  tribute  to.^ 

^  To  attrib' ute  any  quality  to  a  person  is  to  allow  (or  ^ra/it) 

it  to  him.     An  at  'tribute  is  that  which  is  granted  as  belonging  to. 

His  sceptre  shows  the  force  of  temporal  power, 

The  attribute  to  awe  and  majesty, 

Wherein  doth  sit  the  dread  and  fear  of  kings. — Shakespeare. 

•*  Take  some  remembrance  of  us,  as  a  trib'ute,* 
Not  as  a  fee. — Shakespeare. 

'  For  me  your  trib'utary  stores  combine; 
Creation's  heir,  the  world,  the  world  is  mine! — Goldsmith. 

Ti'itd,  trus—Varust. 

Detrude thrust ....  tie . .  down. 

Extrude thrust ex-  .out. 

Intrude     )  4.U      ^         '        '     r  \ 

J    .         .       y thrust. ..  .tii,.  .in  (among). 

Intrtt.sion  )  ,  "^  V  &y 

Ohtrttde    )  ^u       ^  t  •     ^ 

Ohtrusive] thrust. ..  .o&.  .agamst. 

Protrude thrust . . .  .jjro  ■ .  forward. 

[Abs^i'^fse] thrust abs.  .away."" 

*  And  now,  far  removed  from  the  loved  habitation, 
The  tear  of  regret  will  iutrti  sively  swell, 
Ag  fancy  reverts  to  my  father's  plantation, 

And  sighs  for  the  bucket  that  hangs  in  the  well. —  Woodzvorth. 

''  An  abstruse    subject  is  one  difficult   to  grasp  (as  if  thrust 
hack  /rom  ordinary  understanding). 

Ttvl  =  iwo,  double. 

T/f?/light.  .  .  .the  double  (or  doubtful)  light.\ 
Twin one  of  tzvo. 

*  Now  he  goes 
With  no  less  presence  but  with  more  love 
Than  young  Alcides,  when  he  did  redeem 
The  virgin  tribute  paid  by  howling  Troy 
I'o  the  sea-monster. — S/mkes/'eare. 

t  TtvV light  is  caused  by  the  refraction  of  the  sun's  rays  in  passing  through  our  atmos- 
phere. As  refraction  is  a  bending  of  rays  of  light  out  of  their  origmal  direction,  there  may 
be  a  partial  illumination  even  from  a  luminary  that  has  become  entirely  invisible;  as  may 
be  seen  in  the  ability  to  read  in  the  shadow  of  a  wall  or  other  object  obscuring  the  sun- 


IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  159 

Twine to  double  around.* 

Tirist to  double  around. 

Tivig one  of  the  forking  (or  double)  branches  of  a  tree. 

TivicQ two  times. 

Twill to  double  the  threads  so  as  to  get  diagonal  lines 

in  cloth. 

TJn—ow^. 

C/iianimous otis . .  having ....  %in . .  one auini . . 

mind. 

Ufllcom one. . .  .com.  .horn.'' 

Union one.  .  .  .ion.  .  (forming).^ 

UilAson one   . .  .soil. .  sound. f 

Unit   that  which  is  o/ie. 

Unite ite.  .form hu.  .one. J 

^  The  u'nicorn  is  a  fabulous  horse-like  animal  having  one 
straight  horn  projecting  from  its  forehead. 

>*  So  we  grew 
Like  to  a  double  cherry,  seeming  parted, 
But  yet  a  n' )iion  in  partition, 
Two  lovely  berries  moulded  on  one  stem. — Shakespeare. 

AhVufllnt    \  ■•■  ^^^^  (°''  ^°^^)         (lb.. from,  away.* 

Inundate ate     (go) in.  .in und.  .(asagreat) 

wave.'' 

Twilight  prevails  until  the  sun  is  thirteen  degrees  below  the  horizon.  This  limit  is  reached 
most  rapidly  at  the  equator  and  more  slowly  at  the  higher  latitudes,  on  account  of  the  posi- 
tion of  the  plane  of  the  horizon  relative  to  the  axis  of  rotation.  The  short  day  of  the  arctic 
wintertherefore  has  some  compensation  in  the  lengthened  twilight;  and  the  region  of  total 
obscurity  in  the  north  has  the  further  aid  of  the  aurora  borealis. 

They  almost  devour  me  with  kisses 

Their  arms  about  me  entivint' ^ 
Till  I  think  of  the  Bishop  of  Bingen 

In  his  Mouse  'J'ower  on  the  Rhine. — Lottg-fellow. 

t  And  he  who  holds  the  golden  pipe  resumes 
His  mellow  music,  and  a  song  aspires 
From  both  in  u' nisun^  as  when  the  choirs 
Of  V'enus'  maidens  sing  above  their  looms. — Gosse. 

X  Happy  they  !  the  happiest  of  their  kind  ! 
Whim  gentler  st.irs  u'  nite,  and  in  one  fate 
Their  hearts,  their  lortuncs,  and  their  beings  blend.  —  Thomson. 


160  IVHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y. 

Redound     )  ■        /      a      \  u     i  c 

Redundant  \  ■  ■  -^^^^  (°^  fl°^)  •  •    ■''^-  -b^^^- 

Undu]a.ie ate.  .(move      as) tU.  .little und. . 

wave. 

^  A  thing  abounds'  when  it  is  in  such  great  quantity  that  it 
seems  to  overflow  inflow  away). 

^  An  inunda'tion  is  an  overflow  (caused  by  a  ^reaX  Jlotmng  in 
of  water). 

And  in  his  wisdom  hastes  our  marriage, 

To  stop  the  inundation  of  her  tears. — Shakespeare. 

"  Girt  by  her  theatre  of  hills,  she  reaps 
Her  corn,  and  wine,  and  oil,  and  Plenty  leaps 
To  laughing  life,  with  her  redundant  horn. — Byron. 

ZTre^n-ig,  that  which. 

Aperture apert  ■  ■  open ....  ur^e . .  ing. 

Capture capt.  .seize. .  .  .tire.  .ing. 

Cinct^</•e that  which  (is) . . .  .einct.  .bound  around.* 

Fracture fract.  .break   . .  .tire. . ing. 

Gesture that  which  (is) . . .  .ge.'it.  .done. 

"Pictiire that  which  (is) .  .  .  .pict.  .  painted. ** 

Sicnlpt'ure ....  that  which  (is) sculpt . .  cut  out. 

Suture that  which  (is) . . .  .sfft. . sewed. "^ 

Texture that  which  (is) . , .  .te.rt.  .woven. 

Verdure that  which  (is). . .  .verd.  .green.* 

*  And  mountains  cinctured  with  perpetual  green. — Pollok. 

''  And  you,  ye  works  of  art!  allur'd  mine  eye, 
The  hrealhinq pic' ttere\  and  the  living  stone: 
"Though  gold,  though  splendor,  heaven  and  fate  deny. 
Yet  might  I  call  one  Titian  stroke  my  own!  " — Shenstone. 

'^  A  sii'ture  is  a  seam  {that  which  is  sewed'). 

*  Happy  is  England  !    I  could  be  content 
To  see  no  other  ver'dtire  than  its  own  ; 
To  feel  no  other  breezes  than  are  blown 
Through  its  tall  woods  with  high  romances  blent. — Keats. 

t  Hark,  his  hands  the  lyre  explore  ! 
Bright-eyed  Fancy,  hovering  o'er. 
Scatters  from  her  /■irtw'd  urn 
Thoughts  that  breathe  and  words  that  burn. — Gray. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  161 

TJt^  lis  =  use. 

Abuse ab. . from us . . use. 

Peruse use per.  .thoroughly  (or  completely).* 

Usurp to  seize  the  i/se  oi^ 

(Jsnry excessive  charge  for  the  use  of  money.'' 

JJtensil II. .  that     which    (is) ut  . .  use ens 

{ent)..inl 

Z7/ilize ise . . make ....  uf .  ■  use il. .  f ul. 

t/i^ility use il.  .iu\. .  . .  Ut/ . . ness. 

■^  Ah,  the  young  usiirp' er ! 
I  yield  my  golden  throne: 
Such  angel  bands  attend  his  hands 
To  claim  it  for  his  own, — George  Meredith. 

*>  Fy,  fy!  thou  shamest  thy  shape,  thy  love,  thy  wit  ; 
Which    like  an  ti  surer,  abound'st  in  all, 
And  usest  none  in  that  true  use  indeed 
Which  should  bedeck  thy  shape    thy  love,  thy  wit.  —  Shakespeare 

Veil,  vent— comQ. 

Advent come ....  ad .  .  to  (an  arrival). 

Adventure  ....  ui'e .  •  that   which    (is)  ....  vent  . . come 

ad.  .to  (or  upon). 
Avenue ne  . .  that      which ven  ■ .  come(s) 

a  (ad) . .  to."' 

Convene come con.  .together. 

ContJe-il f ion  . .  .  come ion . .  ing con  ■  ■  together. 

Event e..out vent.  .come. 

Intervene come. .  .  .inter. . between. f 

Invent come in.  .into  (or  upon). 


Yet  oft.  in  his  marble  hearth's  bright  glow 

He  watched  a.  picture  come  and  po  ; 

And  sweet  Maud  Miiller's  hazel  eyes 

Looked  out  in  their  innocent  surprise.— U'-^ ///'/>>■. 

*  There  leaning  near  a  gentle  brook, 
Sleep,  ox  peruse'  some  ancient  book. 
And  there  in  sweet  oblivion  drown 
Those  cares  that  haunt  the  court  and  town.— /'('/<'. 
t  Now  where  the  swift  Rhone  cleaves  his  way  between 
Heights  which  appear  as  lovers  who  have  parted 
In  hate,  whose  mining  depths  so  intervene' , 
That  they  can  meet  no  more,  though  broken-hearted.— />r(>>j. 

II 


163  IV//A  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Prevent •  ..come jrt'e.  .before. 

Revenue we.. that  which. . . .ven ■  .comes. . .  .-^^cback.^ 

^  An  av'enue  is  a  roadway  bordered  with  trees  (such  as  ap- 
proaches, or  comes  toward,  a  residence). 

'Tvvas  in  a  shady  avenue. 

Where  lofty  elms  abound — Hood. 

^  For  what  advancement  may  I  hope  from  thee, 
That  no  revenue  hast  but  thy  good  spirits 
To  feed  and  clothe  thee? — Shakespeare. 

Yer =tr\xt\\,  true. 

hver (to    assert    positively    as    if    appealing).... 

a  {ad),  .to ver.  .truth.-' 

Fcfacious truth  ....  acions . .  ful. 

F(e>'dict truth  (of  the  matter). .  .  .diet-  .said  (or  told). 

Vev'iiy fi.  .make  (out). .  .  .ver.  .true. 

Very of  a  truth. 

[  Fie^ity] true .    . .  it^J .  .  ness. 

[F<eHsimilitude].8ii>i//..like. .  ..itilde.  .ness  (of) ver. . 

truth. 

*  For  he  ne'er  could  be  true,  she  averred. 
Who  could  rob  a  poor  bird  of  its  young; 
And  I  loved  her  the  more  when  I  heard 

Such  tenderness  fall  from  her  tongue. — Shenstone. 

Vers  — turn,  turned. 

Vevse a  single  line  or  /;/;-;;  of  poetry. 

Adverse turned  ....  ad .  .  against.^ 

Converse turn .    . .  eon .  ■  together." 

Diverse turned ....  di .  ■  apart.* 

Divorce turned  . .  .  .di. . apart: 

Inverse turned ....  in . .  against  (or  up). 

Obverse turned .  .  .  .oh. . against,  toward. 


c 


*  I  hold  it  truth  with  him  who  sings 
To  one  clear  harp  in  di'7<ers  tones. 
That  men  may  rise  on  steppinfj  stones 
Of  their  dead  selves  to  higher  things. —  Icnnyson^ 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  163 

Perverse turned . . .  .per  ■ .  utterly.  ^ 

'Reverse turned . . .  .ve. . back. 

Transverse turned ....  trans,  .across. 

Traverse turn tra{ns) . .  across.* 

Version turn ....  ion .  .  ing. 

"  Sweet  are  the  uses  of  adversity, 
Which,  like  the  toad,  ugly  and  venomous, 
Wears  yet  a  precious  jewel  in  his  head  — Shakespeare. 

•*  Then  turned  and  with  the  grasshopper,  who  sung 
His  evening  song,  beneath  his  feet,  conversed — Pollok. 

'^  The  ob' verse  face  of  a  coin  or  medal  is  the  principal  face 
(generally  containing  the  figure)  naturally  iitrned  toiuanl  the 
observer.     The  other  face  is  called  the  reverse  (turned   back). 


Vert=turn. 

Vertigo. .......  .dizziness  (a  reeling  or  turning  around). 

Vertebra the  turning  section  of  the  spinal  column. 

Vertex the  {turning)  point  of  an  angle. 

Advertise . . . .:  .  .turn  (attention). . .  .ad.  .toward. 

Avert turn . . .  .a. . from  away.'' 

Convert turn ...  .  coil . .  with. 

Divert turn. . .  .dl.  .apart. 

Invert turn . .  .  .in  . . against  (or  up).^ 

Y^ervert turn.  .  .  .per .  .thoroughly. 

Revert turn. . .  .re.  .back. 

Vortex the  [turning)  whirlpool. 

»  Good-bye  to  Flattery's  fawning  face  ; 
To  Grandeur  with  his  wise  grimace  ; 
To  upstart  Wealth's  avert' ed  eye  ; 
To  supple  office,  low  and  high. — Emerson. 

*•  Wouldst  thou  build  lasting  happiness  ?     Do  this: 
The  ?«z'^;7V(/ pyramid  can  never  stand. —  Young. 

*  I  flew  to  the  pleasant  fields  irav'ersed  so  oft 

In  life's  tnorninp  march,  when  my  bosom  was  younp  ; 
I  heard  my  own  mountain  goats  bleating  aloft, 
And  knew  the  sweet  strain  that  the  corn  reapers  sung. — Campbell. 


164  WHAT  WORDS  SA  Y. 

F^=:way,  road,  go. 

Convey COIfl . . with  (in  the) . . .  .vi-  •  way. 

Convoy con.  .with  (in  the). .  .  .vi.  .way. 

Devious de.  .from. .  .  .vi.  .(the)  direct  way. 

Envoy (a  messenger,  one  sent) . .  .  .etl.  .in  . .  .  .  vi 

. .  (the)  way. 
Invoice (a  bill  of  goods  sent) . .  .  .in.  .in....vi.. 

(the)  way. 
Obv/ate (to  prevent  as  if  to  come) ....  oh  . .  against 

(in  the) . . .  .vi.  .way. 
Ob vious OUS . . being  (in  the) . . .  .vi. . way  (directly) 

oh .  .against. 

Per«^/ous ons.  .having,  .vi.  .way.  .  .jtev .  .through. 

Previous ons.  .being  (in  the) . . . .  vi.  .way  . .  .  .pre 

.  .before. 

Fiaduct duct . . lead  (or  carry) . .  .  .vi. . road. 

Foi/age a  journey  over  a  water  way. 

Vis— see. 

Visible see ....  ihle .  .  able. 

Vision see.  .ion.  •ing.^' 

Visit go  to  see.^ 

Visor that  which  covers  the  face  (or  mage).'' 

Visage the  face  (which  has  one's  looks). 

Vista that  which  is  seen.'^ 

Advise to  tell  how  one  sees  the  matter. 

Revise see . .  .  .re. . again. 

Supervise suj^ev . .  over ....  vis  .  see. 

[Flsual] belonging  to  st'g/it 

•  The  vision  and  the  faculty  divine. —  Wordsworth. 

*  Cease,  every  joy,  to  glimmer  on  my  mind, 
But  leave,  oh  !  leave  the  li^ht  of  hope  behind  ! 
What  though  my  winged  hours  of  bliss  have  been 
Like  angel  vis'its,  few  and  far  between. — Campbell. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  165 

''Will  they  not,  think  you,  hang  themselves  to-night? 
Or  ever,  but  in  visors,  show  their  faces  ? 
This  pert  Biron  was  out  of  countenance  (\\x\\.g.  —  Shakespeat-e. 

"'And  Hope,  who  points  to  distant  years 
Fair  op'ning  thro'  this  vale  of  tears, 
A  vis  ta  to  the  sky. — Barbauld. 

Coni>ii?ial live  (or  feast) al..  ing  —  con .  .together. 

Rei^it^e live . . .  .vc . . again.* 

Surt?it?e live ....  suv  •  •  over,  beyond. 

F^i^acity live ....  «c ..  li ... .  ity . .  ness. 

Ftl^acious having  vivacity. 

Vivid live id. .  ly. 

Viviiy .fi..  make ....  vvv  ■  ■  live. 

[Ftf  iparous] ^>«i'. .  produce,  bring  forth ....  OUS  .  .  ing 

viv.  .live  (alive). 

[  Fit/'isection] ....  sect . .  cut ....  ion . .  ing ....  viv . .  alive. 
[Viva  voce] (with)  living VOC.  .voice. 

"'Tis  spring-time  on  the  eastern  hills  ! 
Like  torrents  gush  the  summer  rills; 
Through  winter's  moss  and  dry  dead  leaves 
The  bladed  grass  revives  and  lives. 
Pushes  the  mouldering  waste  away, 
And  glimpses  to  the  April  day. —  Whittier. 

Voc,  VOCat=vo\ce,  call  (as  with  the  voice). 

Advocate call ad.  .to  (or  upon). 

Avocation call. .  .  .ion.  -ing. . .  .a  .  .away.* 

Convoke call ....  coil . .  together. 

Evoke call e. . out. 

Invocation ....  call ....  ion . .  ing ....  in   .  in.** 

InvoJt'e call ....  in . .  in. 

Provolve call .  . .  .2)VO . .  forth. 

KevoJce call. .  .  .7^e.  .back. 

Vocal belonging  to  the  voic/r. 

Vocation call.  . .  .ion.  .ing. 


166  WHA  T  WORDS  SA  V. 

Vociferate .fer{r) .  .bear  (lift  up) . . .  .VOC  .voice. 

[  Vocative]  —  call  —  ive . . ing. 

*  An  avoca'tion  is  some  light  employment  <:«///«^  the  attention 

a.vfa.y  from  more  serious  cares. 

••  The  poets,  in  their  elegies  and  songs 
Lamenting  the  departed,  call  the  groves, 
They  call  upon  the  hills  and  streams  to  mourn, 
And  senseless  rocks;  nor  idly;  for  they  speak. 
In  these  their  invoca' tions,  with  a  voice 
Obedient  to  the  strong  creative  power 
Of  human  passion. —  Wordsworth. 

Volv,  VOlu,  VOlut =ro]\. 

Convolution roll ....  ioH . .  ing ....  con . .  together.  =* 

Devolve roll . . .  .de. . down.'' 

Evolve roll . . .  .e. . out. 

Involve roll. . .  .itl.  .into. 

Revolt rolled . .  .  .re.  ■  back." 

Revolve roll . .  .  .re. . again. 

Revolution roll ion . . ing . . .  .re. . again. 

Voluble roll ble . .  ing  (out).'' 

Volume that  which  is  rolled.^ 

^ The  convolii' tions  of  a  snake  are  rolls  (or  rings)  together* 
''  A  duty  that  devolves    upon  one  seems   to  roll  down   upon 

him. 

Devolving  from  thy  parent  lake, 

A  charming  maze  thy  waters  make. — Smollett. 

"^In  a  revolt' \h.e  regular  government  is  overthrown  {rollea 
back). 

^  A  voluble  description  is  one  in  which  the  words  roll  out 
from  the  mouth  of  the  speaker. 

"  Books  were  originally  all  rolls  (and  therefore  volumes). 

*  Circular  base  of  rising  folds,  that  tower'd, 
FoM  aboi'e  fold,  a  surging  maze  ;  his  head 
Crested  aloft,  and  carbuncle  his  eyes  : 
V/ith  burnish'd  neck  of  verdant  gold,  erect 
Amidst  his  circling  spires,  that  on  the  grass 
Floated  redundant. — Milton. 


WHA  T  WORDS  SA  Y.  167 

Geography. 

Affluent flu . .  flow ....  ent . .  ing — af  (ad) . .  to  (or 

into).-'' 

Annual ann . . year  . .  .al. . ly . 

Anta.rc\.ic ant{i) . . opposite.     Opposite  to  the  Arctic. 

Arclupelago .  ■  arch ■ . chief — peUuj . . sea.'' 

Arctic a )'Ct.  .hear.     Near   the  Great   Bear  of  the 

northern  heavens. 

Canon canoil . .  tube  (or  hollow). *= 

CctjiQ cap . .  head.     A  Aeadland. 

CapitaX capit.  .head.     The  chief  (or  head)  city. 

Channel A  narrow  passage  like  a  canal. 

Coast cost,  .rib  (a  side).     The  side  of  a  country. 

Colony colon,  .farmer.  A  settlement  as  of  far- 
mers) . 

Continent tin  {ten)  .  hold ....  ent . .  ing ....  con . .  to- 
gether.'' 

County A  division  formerly  governed  by  a  count. 

Crater crater .  .cup.    The  cup  of  a  volcano. 

Crevasse crev .  .huvst.      A    bursting    of     the    waters 

through  their  banks. 

^  An  affluent  is  a  tributary  flowing  into  its  principal  stream. 

^  An  archipel' ago  is  a  sea  containing  many  islands,  like  the 
^gean  Sea,  which  was  the  chief  sea  of  the  ancient  Greeks, 

'^  A  ^^^'on  is  a  deep  (tube-like)  gorge, 

^  The  contincjit  holds  together,  while  the  sea  is  constantly 
shaking  apart. 

And  see  the  revolution  of  the  times 
Make  mountains  level,  and  the  continent 
(Weary  of  solid  firmness)  melt  itself 
Into  the  sea  ! — Shakespeare. 

Geography  (continued). 

Delta A  triangular  tract  between  the  mouths  of  a 

river  in  the  form  of  the  Greek  letter  delta  {/}). 


168  iVHA  T   WORDS  SA  V. 

l>/urnal di. . day . . .    urual . . ly. 

Eqitaior or  . .  that    which    ...at-  makes  ....  equ  . . 

equal  (division). 

Estuary wstu . .  surge  (or  foam) ary  ■  •  place.* 

Glacier glaci . .  ice.     The  ke  river.'' 

Geography  . .  graph . .  virrite   (or   describe) y..ing.... 

ge.  .the  earth. 
Harbor har    {herr) . .  army  . . .  bor  {harg) . .  shel- 

ter.'^ 

Haven The  place  which  can  hold  (or  have)  vessels. 

Hemisphere  .  .henii.  .half.     A  half  sphere. 

Jsland i  (ea) . .  water.   The  /and  surrounded  by  water. 

*  An  es'tuary  is  an  inlet  where  the  tide  surges  in. 
^  A  glalcier  is  a  slowly-moving  river  of  ice. 

Carnation'd  like  a  sleeping  infant's  cheek, 
Rock'd  by  the  beating  of  her  mother's  heart, 
Or  the  rose  tints  which  summer's  twilight  leaves 
Upon  the  lofty  glacier's  virgin  snow. — Byi'on. 

*=  A  har' bor  is  a  place  of  shelter  for  (an  army  of)  vessels. 

Geography  (continued). 

Meridian an . . belonging  to  (the) . . .  .meri  {medi) . . 

middle  (or  mid) .  .  .    di.  .day. 
Wation jiat-  -born.     A  body   of  people   born  within 

the  same  limits. 

Peninsala. . .  ..pen{e)*.  .almost i7isul\.  .island. 

Plateau eau . .  little . .  .  .plat .  ■  plate  (or  level  space). 

I*ort povt.  .gate  (or  entrance). 

Prairie prairie . .  meadow.    A  wild  meadow. 

PvoryiOtttory . .  A  high  [or  prominent)  cape. 
Sound sUnd.  .a  swimming.^ 

*  The  pe'nult  {iiltim,  last)  is  the  last  syllable  but  one  in  a  word  (and  thus  almost  the 
last). 

tTo  in'su/ate  an  electrical  receiver  is  to  surround  it  with  non-conducting  substances 
(like  placing  it  on  an  island^ 


WHA  T    WORDS  SA  Y.  169 

^  A  sound  is  a  shallow  channel  (such  as  men  venture  to  swun 
across). 

Geography  (continued). 

State Stat. . established. ^^ 

Strait  * {e)stveit .  .  narrow. 

Stream that  which  fioivs. 

Territory. . . .  terr . .  earth,  land. 

ToiVH tiin,\.  . .  .fence,  enclosure. 

Township . .  .The  territory  of  a  fown. 
TribiltsLYy. . .  Paying  tribute  to. 

Tropic troj)X . .  turn ic . .  ing.** 

Volcano The  forge  of  Vulcati,  the  blacksmith  of  the  gods. 

Zone %Oll .  ■  belt,  girdle. 

^  A  state  is  a  thoroughly  established  society. 

"  The  trop'ics  are  the  parallels  at  which  the  sun's  direct  ray 

turns  back. 

As  when  the  sun  to  Cancer  wheeling  back 
Relumed  from  Capricorn. — Pollok. 

Qualities  of  Substances. 

Adhesive lies . .  stick ....  ive . .  ing ....  ad . .  to. 

Brittle brit  (brytt) . . break le. . able. 

Ductile duct . .  lead,  draw  out   . . .  ife . .  able. 

Elastic elast . . drive ic. . ing. 

Fibrous full  of  fibres  (or  threads). 

Fleddhle flex . .  bend ....  ible . .  able. 

Fragile ffag . .  break He . .  able. 

Friable fri . .  rub ....  able . .  able. 

* 

*  A  person  in  straz'i'eneci  ciTcuinsta.nces  has  narrow  means  of  subsistence. 

+  The  syllable  ton  at  the  end   of  the   name  of  a  city   indicates  ioiun:  as   Stan/*;;?,  the 
Stone   Town. 

X  The  flower  he'lio/ro/e  (lieli.  sun)  turns  constantly  to  the  sun. 

The  heart  that  has  truly  loved  never  forgets, 

But  as  truly  loves  on  to  the  close, 

As  the  j««flower  turns  to  her  god  when  he  sets, 

The  same  look  which  she  turned  when  he  rose. — Munre. 


170  WHA  T   WORDS  SA  Y. 

Fiisihlt fus . .  melt ible . .  able. 

Gelatuioxis like  gelatine. 

GlutinoviS gliitUi . . glue ous . .  like. 

GrcDiular ar.  .having.  ...ul.  .little. .  .gran,  .grain(s). 

Qualities  of  Substances  (continued).. 

Heavy hard  to  ^eave  (or  lift). 

Light. 

3Ia7leah\e tnalle.  .hammer able.  .able. 

Oj^fiqite ojJdC  .dark,  obscure. 

Pliable 7>?/ . .  fold ....  able . .  able. 

Po^'ous full  of  pores. 

Soluble sola,  .loosen,  dissolve. . .  .ble.  .able. 

Sonorous. .   .  .sonor.  .sound  —  ous.  -ing.* 

Transl ucent...luc .  .shine. . .  .ent.  -ing. .  .  .trans,  .across, 

through. 
Transpa }'&r\t .jyar  .appear,  show. . .  .ent.  .ing. . .  .trans 

.  .across,  through. 
Viscid id.   like. ..  .t^i.»*C.  .mistletoe,  bird  lime. 

*  The  winds,  in  emulation  of  the  spheres, 
Tune  their  sono'rous  instruments  aloft. —  Young. 

Arithmetic, 

Aliquot quot* . .  how  many  (of  the) ali. .  other.^ 

Antecf-Vrent ced . .  go en  t . .  ing ante . .  before. 

Arithmetic etlc.  .belonging to ar ithni .  .nnmher. 

Consequent sequ  . .  follow ent. .  ing coti  . . 

with. 

Decimal al.  .belonging  to dechn.  .ten. 

T>e7ioniinator .  ..or.. that      which . . .  .at  . .  fixes de  . . 

down nomin . .  (the)  name. 

Divide rid . . see di.. apart.'' 

Duodecimal . .  ..al.  .belonging  to . . .  .duodecim.  .twelve. 

*  A  person's  '/uo/a.  or  share  of  anything  is  his  Aoui  many. 


WHAT    WORDS  SAY. 

Eighteen ei'g/i^  and  ^en. 

Eigh^// ei'g/ii  tens. 

Eleven  (ainlif)  — aiil  {(Hi) .  .one  (and) ....  It'/. .  ten. 

Evolution voliit.  .roll. . .  .ion.  .ing. . .  .e.  .out."^ 

Factor fact . .  make . . .  .or. . er. 

Fraction ion.  .that  which  (is) fract.  .broken. 

="  An  al'iquot  part  of  a  number  is  contained  in  that  other 
number  an  exact  number  (or  how  inajiy)  of  times. 

^'  In  divid'ing  real  objects  we  see  the  several  divisions  apart. 

^  In  the  process  of  ev'olutio?i  the  equal  factors  are  caused,  as 
it  were,  to  roll  out  to  view. 

Arithmetic     (continued). 

Integer integer*,  .entire. 

Interest est.  .is. . .  .inter,  .between.^ 

Mensuration mensur . .  measure ....  ation .  .  ing. 

Minuend end.  .to  he niinn. . diminish (ed). 

3Iiilti2>lg (make) mult . .  many .  .j^li . .  fold. 

A'o^ation uot.  .mark (or  write).    .  .at ion. .  ing. 

.^l///*ie/'ation ....  nunier. .  number ....  ation . .  ing. 

I*er  cent 2)er.  .by cent,  .hundred. 

Product duct . .  led  (or  brought) ^9ro . .  forth. 

Quotient ient.  .being quot.  .how  many  (times) 

'Reduction duct,  .lead ion.  .ing re.  .back. 

Suht7HlCt tract,  .draw.  .  .  .sub.  .under  (or  down). 

Twelve  (twalif ). . .  twa .  .  two  (and) ....  lif. .  ten. 
Twenty   two  (or  tivain)  tens. 

^  In' terest  is  the  snm  thac  passes  between  the  borrower  and 
lender  for  the  use  of  money. 

3Ieasiir€S. 

Acre (ecer\ . .  field  ....  (the  measure  iov  fields). 


*  A  person's  inte^'r\ty  is  his  unlimited  {or  entire)  devotion  to  principle, 
t  An  a'corn  is  the  nut  found  out  in  the  woods  (or  fields). 


172  WHAT    WORDS  SAY. 

Savleycom ....  the  length  of  a  barley  corn  {ox graiii). 

Btis]l&\ el. . little bush  (bux) . . box. 

Chain the  length  of  a  surveyor's  c/iain. 

Cubit cubit,  .elbow (the  length    from  the  el 

bow  to  the  middle  finger's  end). 

ly&gree (jt'ce  {(jrad) . .  step de. . from. 

Foot the  length  of  the  human  fool. 

JF(4vlong as  long  as  a  furrow. 

Gallon on    large gall  {gal) . .  bowl. 

Gill .jal . .  bowl. 

Measiires     (continued). 

Hogsheail a  cask  with  an  ox-head  marked  on  it. 

3Ille ....    niill . .  a  thousand  ....  {thousand  paces). 

PecU that  which  is  easily //V/^ed  up. 

J^evvli peych* . . a  bar,  pole. 

Quart quart. .  one-fourth ....  (the  fourth  part  of 

a  gallon). 

Mod the  length  of  a  long  measuring  rod. 

Rood measured   off   by  the  long  rood  {rod)  or 

pole.\ 
Pole the  length  of  the  long  measuring  p<*ie  or 

rod. 
Yard  yard,  .a  stick,  rod. 

Days, 

Sunday The  sun's  day. 

3lOHda.y The  moon's  day. 

Tuesday ....  . .  Tm'e'sl  day. 

Wednesday . .  IVodcji's^  day. 

*  The  chickens /crcA  on  a  iar  ox  pole. 

+  The  Saxons  called  a  cross  a  rood  (or  sacred  f>ole).     Hence  the  famous  castl«    <=>?  Holy- 
rood  in  Edinburtfh  means  the  castle  of  Holy  Cross. 
X  Ti-M  was  the  Anglo-Saxon  god  of  war. 
§  IVo'den  was  the  Scandinavian  god  of  war. 


WHAT   WORDS  SAV.  173 

TJlllVSday ....  The  thunder's  day. 

Fflday Frigus  day.^ 

Saturday ....  Saturn  s  day. 

Months. 

January The  month  of  Ja?ius,\  the  god  of  doors. J 

Fehviiary .  .  . .  (The  month  in  which  to).  .  .  .fcbi'U  .  .cleanse 

(the  soul  from  sin). 

J}£arch The  month  of  Mars,  the  god  of  war. 

Apv'd (The  month     in  which  the   buds) ....  apev . . 

open. 

3Iay The  month  of  growth. 

Juu& (The  month  of) .  .  .  .juu  (juveil) .  .youth. 

July The  month  of  Julius  Caesar. 

August The  month  of  the  emperor  Augustus. 

Septenihev . .  .(The) septem  .  .seven(th).§ 

October (The) octo . .  eight(h). 

Novetnh^r . . .. (The) uovem  .  .  nine(th). 

Decejuber.  ...(The) decent,  .ten(th). 

Time. 

Age the  average  age,  or  life,  of  man. 

Century cent. .  hundred  ....  {hu?idred  years). 

CyclQ cycl  \\ .  .  circle  (or  complete  round).^ 

JTiilute mill .  .diminish,  lessen.  .  .  .lite.  .ed. 

3£onth nionji .  .  moon. .  .  .  (the  period  of  the  moon). 

■  Period od .  .road,  way.  .  .  .jievi.  .around.'' 

Second sec  and. .  following. . . .  {following     in     quick 

succession). 

*  Frigu  was  the  Anglo-Saxon  goddess  of  love. 

+  The  temple  oija'nus  at  Rome  was  never  closed  during  time  of  war. 

X  Kjan' itor  is  properly  a  door-VcQ^QT. 

§  The  Roman  year  began  with  March.    That  would  leave  September  the  seventh  month. 

II  A  h\' cycle  has  two  wheels  (or  circles). 

H  The  tnooji  itself  means  the  measurer  of  time. 


174  WHAT   WORDS  SAY. 

Yleav that  which  passes. 

\Mpocli\ exioch.  .a  pause. *= 

[iz/'a] {a)er. .  brass . .  (reckoned  with  drass  counters) 

"  And  slowly  numbers  o'er 
The  mighty  cy'cles  of  eternity. — Pollok. 

*"  The  green  robed  children  of  the  spring 
Denote  the  pe'riods  as  they  pass: 
Mingle  with  leaves  Time's  rapid  wing, 
And  bind  with  flowers  his  silent  glass. 

■=  Think'st  thou  existence  doth  depend  on  time  ? 
It  doth;  but  actions  are  our  ep'ochs. — Byron. 


LIST   OF   PREFIXES. 


^  =  on. . .  .<^<bed,  abound,  etc. 
^=:to,  toward.  .  .  .«venue,  etc. 
4  =  from. . .  .avert. 
^  =  without,  not     .  .abyss. 

^6=from aftduct,  etc. 

Ac  {ad}=to,  toward,  etc accede,  etc. 

Ad=to,  toward,  etc adapt,  etc. 

Ag  (ad)— to,  toward,  etc ar/glomerate,  etc. 

^^=:the.  . .  .alchemy,  etc. 

Al  (ad)  =  to,  toward,  etc aZlege,  etc. 

Afn  {ad)=to,  toward.  .  .  .aw*munition. 
Anih,  am&i=around,  aboui  =  aw*6ient,  etc. 
Aniphl^on  both  sides.  .  .  .a/i*p/iibious,  etc. 
An—\v\tho\xt,  not.  .  .  .anarchy,  etc. 

An  {ad)  =  io,  toward,  etc annotate,  etc. 

^ita=:back,  again,  up   . .  .awabaptist,  etc. 

Anf,  anfi  =  a.ga.inst,  opposite.  .  .  .antagonist,  etc. 

^/tfe=before. .  .  .ajtfecedent,  etc. 

Ap  ((td)=to,  toward,  etc a/>paratus,  etc. 

Apo=irom,  off.  .  .  .^^ocalypse,  etc. 


WHA  T   WORDS  SA  Y.  173 


Jr  (af/)=to,  toward,  etc arrive,  etc. 

As  {a.(l)=to,  toward,  etc ascertain,  etc. 

At  {ad)=to,  toward,  etc attend,  etc. 

l>e=cause,  etc benumb,  etc. 

Iiene=vfe\l beneia.ctoT,  etc. 

7»i=double,  two. . .   ftisect,  etc. 
Jf /,s=tvvice. . .  .&iscuit,  etc. 

Cff^a=down,  thoroughly,  etc cataract,  etc, 

Circiini=a.round. . .  .circui}lna.v\gate,  etc. 
Co  (co»i')  =  with,  together.  . .  .coadjutor,  etc. 
Col  (co»i)=with,  together. . .  .col/apse,  etc. 
Com  (CO»l)=with,  together.  . .  .COirtbine,  etc. 
Co»i  =  with,  together. . .  .conduct,  etc. 
CoM^i*a=against.  . .  .contradict,  etc. 
Cor  (cori)=with,  together,  corrode,  etc. 
Co^ewfer =against,  opposite. . .  .comiteract,  etc. 
X)e=:down,  from. . .  .rfeduct,  etc. 

Di  (rf*'.s)=twice,  double riiphthong,  etc. 

Di  {(lis)=a.pa.Tt.  .  .  .diverge,  etc. 

X>'ia  =  through,  between,  across.  .  .  .diagonal,  etc. 

D/s=apart. ..  .dismiss,  displease,  etc. 

Du,  duo— two . . .  .duplex,  duodecimal,  etc. 

£=out. ..  .eject,  etc. 

Ec=ont. . .  .eclectic,  etc. 

Ef  {ex)=out. . .  .e/fusion,  etc. 

.E/i*=in. . .  .ewibellish,  etc. 

.BH  =  in.  .  .  .eiidemic,  etc. 

i?»tdo  =  within.  . .  .endogen.  etc. 

Epi=upon,  to,  besides. .  .  .epidemic,  etc. 

Eu='we\\,  good. . .  .ewphony,  etc. 

Ex=out exhale,  etc. 

Exfra,=heyond .  .  .  .  extravagant. 
Henii  =  ha\i.  . .  .hemisphere,  etc. 
Hf/per=oveT. . .  .hypcrcr\t\ca\,  etc. 
JIffpo=under.  . .  .7nj2)Ogasinc,  etc. 
/  (t»i,)  =  not. ..  .ignominy,    etc. 
U  {iu)  =  in,  into. .  .  .illapse,  etc. 
J7  (i»i,)=not. . .  .Il/egih\e,  etc. 
Im  (i»t)  =  in,  into.  . .  .  J>Mbibe,  etc. 
Ini  (in)  =  not. . .  .immaculate,  etc. 
Itl^in,   into. . .  .i/t-carcerate,  etc. 


176  WHA  T   WORDS  SA  Y. 

Jli=not. . .  .iltcessant,  etc. 

Jn<er=between,  amongst. . .  .interpose,  etc. 

Ir  (in)=\x\,  into.  . .  .irruption,  etc. 

Ir  (i«)=not. . .  .i/'rational,  etc. 

i)tf«Z=bad,  ill. . .  .■JitaZefactor,  etc. 

J|fefa=beyond,  over,  after. . .  .»ne^amorphosis,  etc. 

M'o»tO=sole,  single.  .  .  .Wionopoly,    etc. 

jyToi*  =not. . .  .»tOi*sense,   etc. 

06=against,  etc.  . .  .ofeject,  etc. 

0/(o&)=against,  etc.  .  .  .o/fend,  etc. 

JPrt»'a=beside. .  .  .paraclete,   etc. 

J»a/i'= through,  thoroughly.  . .  ._2>«rterre,  parAon,  etc. 

jPe»t=almost.  .  .  .peaiinsula,  etc. 

jPe/'  =  through,  thoroughly. . .  .^i^'rambulate,  J)€rfect,  etc. 

Pcri=around,  near   .  .  ./je*"*phery,  pei'/gee,  etc. 

Poll/=ma.ny. .  .  ./>o///sy liable,  etc. 

l*os^=after,  behind. .  .  ._/>osfscript,  etc. 

JP>'e=before.  ..  .precede,    etc. 

Prefer =beyond.  . .  .  2)i'€ternatura\,  etc. 

J*i'0=before,  forward.  .  .  .p^'ogramme,  pj'Oceed,  etc. 

J'«r=before,  forward,  purpose,  etc. 

JRe  =  back,  again.  . .  .recall,  j'etract,  etc. 

Ile(l=hack,  again.  .  .  .rerfeem,  etc. 

/Se=aside,  apart. . .  .seclude,  etc. 

Semi=ha\f .  .  .  .seinidrde,  etc. 

Sifb=under,  after.  .  .  .subscribe,  submerge,  etc. 

Sue  {sub)=under,  after.  .    .succeed,  etc. 

Suf  (SUb)=undeT,  after Sllfiase,  etc. 

Sug  (sub)=under,  after.  .  .^suggest,  etc. 
Su2}  (sub) sunder,  after.  .  .  .support,  etc. 

Super=over sttperv'ise,  etc. 

Sur  {sub)=under,  after.  .  .  .Sitrreptitious,  etc. 
Sur=over.  .  .  .s*f/J"mount,  etc. 
Sus  {sub) =under,  after.  ..  .suspend,  etc. 
Sf/n  (s*//*-)  =  together,  with.  . .  .si/mphony,  etc. 
5j/W,  =  together,  with.  ..  .syntax,  etc. 
Orrans—a.cross,  beyond,  over.  .  .  .trunsier,  etc. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


JAN  2  -  T952 


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APR  2  6 1971   ^^^ 


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1973 


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UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


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